Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Three Biocompatible and Bioactive Retrofilling Materials Using Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: An In-Vitro Study

Abstract

Purpose: this study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) versus Biodentine and Retro MTA extracts at three observation periods (24h, 48h, and 72h) using MTT-Assay. Materials and Methods: 72 wells in three culture insert plates were used in this study. MTA, Biodentine and Retro MTA cements were evaluated in a fresh state. Passage four of human PDL cells were included in this study. After cells preparation and culturing, an extract of the three tested materials was prepared and cultured with the complete media in addition to 5×10 4 cells were implanted into each well 24h earlier and incubated in a stem cell incubator. MTT Assay was used to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity, calculated the viable cells by hundred percent using ELISA system and the inverted light microscope used to reassure their confluence. After three different observation periods (24h, 48h, and 72h), evaluation of cell viability was done after exposure to the material extracts. Results: MTA and Biodentine cements showed no statistically significant differences at all the observation periods. However, Retro MTA cement resulted in a statistically significant difference at all the observation periods but none of them below the cut level. Meanwhile, all the materials extracts resulted in a statistically significant increase in cytotoxicity at 24h and then decrease at 48h and finally a little increase in cytotoxicity at 72h. Conclusions: All the tested materials showed low cytotoxicity and are comparable to the old standard MTA.