Cytotoxicity evaluation of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles in melanoma cells and dermal fibroblasts

Abstract

Carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles (CEINs) are emerging as promising biomedical tools due to their unique physicochemical properties. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of CEINs (the mean diameter distribution ranges 46–56 nm) has been explored by MTT, LDH leakage, Calcein-AM/propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays in human melanoma (HTB-140), mouse melanoma (B16-F10) cells, and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The results demonstrated that CEINs produce mitochondrial and cell membrane cytotoxicities in a dose (0.0001–100 μg/ml)-dependent manner. Moreover, the studies elucidated some differences in cytotoxic effects between CEINs used as raw and purified materials composing of the carbon surface with acidic groups. Experiments showed that HTB-140 cells are more sensitive to prone early apoptotic events due to raw CEINs as compared to B16-F10 or HDF cells, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that the amount of CEINs administered to cells and the composition of CEINs containing different amounts of iron as well as the carbon surface modification type is critical determinant of cytotoxic responses in both normal and cancer (melanoma) cells.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11051-013-1835-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Development of novel anti-Kv 11.1 antibody-conjugated PEG–TiO2 nanoparticles for targeting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells

“…Most studies have focused on liposomes (Chenevier et al 2000) and polymer particles (Jaulin et al 2000; Alyaudtin et al 2001) which are generally larger than 100 nm (Alyaudtin et al 2001). Very recently (Grudzinski et al 2013), carbon-coated iron NPs were shown to be internalized into melanoma cells, with a pattern of internalization similar to that observed by us.…”

Dermal delivery of doxorubicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of skin cancer

“…These side effects arisen by the non-specific distributions of the drug may even cause chemotherapeutic failure . Several new delivery tactics of Dox have been established to diminish the exposure of drug to the normal tissues (Grudzinski et al, 2013;Liu and Lin, 2013;Omidi and Barar, 2014). Despite vast investigations in drug delivery systems, a need for simple, safe and stable formulation is necessary.…”

In vitro toxicity of Fe_mO_n, Fe_mO_n-SiO₂ composite, and SiO₂-Fe_mO_n core-shell magnetic nanoparticles

“…The most commonly used IONP coating materials are silica, 30 polyethylene glycol, 31 dextran and its derivatives, 32 chitosan, 33 and carbon. 34 Very recently, silica-coated IONPs have been tested as contrast agents for biomedical photoacoustic imaging 35 and T1 MRI. 18 Most of the available evidence suggests that IONP coating results in reduced toxicity; there are, however, recent studies that have questioned the protective role of the coating.…”