Cytotoxicity, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis Induction Activity of Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate in Cholangiocarcinoma Cell

Abstract

Objective: To investigate cytotoxic activity of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) including its effect on p-glycoprotein (multidrug resistance-1: mdr-1 gene) in human cholangiocarcinoma cell. Methods: Cytotoxic activity of EPMC against human cholangiocarcinoma (CL-6), fibroblast (OUMS-36T-1F), and colon cancer (Caco-2) cell lines were assessed using MTT assay. Selectivity index (SI) was determined as the ratio of IC 50 (concentration that inhibits cell growth by 50%) of EPMC in OUMS-36T-1F and that in CL-6 cell. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in CL-6 cells were investigated by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Effect of EPMC on mdr-1 gene expression in CL-6 and Caco-2 was determined by real-time PCR. Results: The median (95% CI) IC 50 values of EPMC in CL-6, OUMS-36T-1F, and Caco-2 were 245.5 (243.1-266.7), 899.60 (855.8-966.3) and 347.0 (340.3-356.9) µg/ml, respectively. The SI value of the compound for the CL-6 cell was 3.70. EPMC at IC 50 inhibited CL-6 cell division and induced apoptosis compared to untreated control. EPMC exposure did not induce mdr-1 gene expression in both CL-6 and Caco-2 cells. Conclusion: The results suggest the potential role of EPMC in cholangiocarcinoma with a low possibility of drug resistance induction.

Antiproliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Deprungsith Formulation and Its Bioactive Compounds Against Mild Psoriasis and Potential of Metabolic Herb-Drug Interactions

“…The development of cells to G 0 /G 1 , S and G 2 /M phases in the tested samples was compared to the control. 28 …”

“…Sum FIC values of FIC < 0.1, > 0.1-0.3, > 0.3-0.7, > 0.7-0.85, > 0.85-0.9, > 0.9-1. to G 0 /G 1 , S and G 2 /M phases in the tested samples was compared to the control. 28 Cell Apoptosis. The HaCaT cells and PBMCs (5 × 10 5 cells) were cultured overnight in a 25-ml filter flask and exposed to Deprungsith extract, EPMC, ligustilide and cyclosporin at the IC 25 and IC 50 concentrations.…”

The Investigation of The Network Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action of Centella Asiatica Extract on The Atopic Dermatitis Model

“…The relative gene expressions were presented from the ratios of test and untreated control samples. 22 IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α assay RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with CE for 2 h and then induced with LPS (0.05 µg/ml) for 24 h. Cytokines accumulation in the samples were measured with BD CBA Mouse Cytokine Kit (BD Bioscience, CA, USA). Samples were measured on the BD FACSverse Flow Cytometer (BD Bioscience, CA, USA) and analyzed by FCAP Array TM Software (BD Bioscience, CA, USA).…”