Cytotoxicity and Transcriptomic Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cells

Gurunathan, Sangiliyandi; Qasim, Muhammad; Park, Chanhyeok; Yoo, Hyunjin; Choi, Dong Yoon; Song, Hyuk; Park, Chankyu; Kim, Jin‐Hoi; Hong, Kwonho

doi:10.3390/ijms19113618

Cited by 72 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(110 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used as antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, antiplatelet, antifungal and anticancer agents due to their unique physiochemical properties and superior biological functions [54,68,69]. Synthesis of AgNPs is carried out by various physical, chemical and biological methods.…”

Section: Silver Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Potential of Nanoparticles—Can Nanoparticles Fight Against Coronaviruses?

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infectious diseases account for more than 20% of global mortality and viruses are responsible for about one-third of these deaths. Highly infectious viral diseases such as severe acute respiratory (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are emerging more frequently and their worldwide spread poses a serious threat to human health and the global economy. The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 27 July 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 16 million people and led to the death of more than 652,434 individuals as on 27 July 2020 while also causing significant economic losses. To date, there are no vaccines or specific antiviral drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19. Hence, it is necessary to accelerate the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines to help mitigate this pandemic. Non-Conventional antiviral agents must also be considered and exploited. In this regard, nanoparticles can be used as antiviral agents for the treatment of various viral infections. The use of nanoparticles provides an interesting opportunity for the development of novel antiviral therapies with a low probability of developing drug resistance compared to conventional chemical-based antiviral therapies. In this review, we first discuss viral mechanisms of entry into host cells and then we detail the major and important types of nanomaterials that could be used as antiviral agents. These nanomaterials include silver, gold, quantum dots, organic nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers and polymers. Further, we consider antiviral mechanisms, the effects of nanoparticles on coronaviruses and therapeutic approaches of nanoparticles. Finally, we provide our perspective on the future of nanoparticles in the fight against viral infections.

show abstract

Section: Silver Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Potential of Nanoparticles—Can Nanoparticles Fight Against Coronaviruses?

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Combined effects of melatonin and all-trans retinoic acid or somatostatin caused a marked reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP production, inducing necrotic cell death [52]. Several metal nanoparticles are known to impair ATP synthesis in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and human colon cancer cells [80,81], while platinum decreased ATP levels in human alveolar basal epithelial cells [36]. Zhao et al [82] reported that titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced mitochondrial dynamic imbalance in HT22 cells, eventually causing mitochondrial dysfunctions and decreased level of ATP synthesis.…”

Section: Pdnps + Mlt Caused Mitochondrial Dysfunctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cells exposed to PdNPs and MLT separately and cells exposed to PdNPs + MLT exhibited severe oxidative damage to both DNA and RNA through the accumulation of 8-OHdG and 8-OHG. Similarly, silver nanoparticles caused severe oxidative damage to DNA and accumulation of 8-OHdG and 8-OHG in embryonic fibroblast cells of mice [80], while TiO 2 NP induced ROS-mediated oxidative stress, the activation of p53, Bax, and caspase-3, and caused oxidative DNA damage in HEK-293 cells [93]. Likewise, human hepatocyte and embryonic kidney cells exposed to zinc oxide NPs (ZnONPs) showed altered cell morphology, mitochondrial dysfunction, increase of oxidative stress markers, and oxidative DNA damage [94].…”

Section: Pdnps + Mlt Induced Apoptosis and Oxidative Dna Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin Enhances Palladium-Nanoparticle-Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Lung Epithelial Adenocarcinoma Cells A549 and H1229

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) are increasingly being used in medical and biological applications due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Recent evidence suggests that these nanoparticles can act as both a pro-oxidant and as an antioxidant. Melatonin (MLT), which also shows pro- and antioxidant properties, can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents when combined with anticancer drugs. Nevertheless, studies regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of PdNPs and MLT in cancer cells are still lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential toxicological and molecular mechanisms of PdNPs, MLT, and the combination of PdNPs with MLT in A549 lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cells. We evaluated cell viability, cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in cells treated with different concentrations of PdNPs and MLT. PdNPs and MLT induced cytotoxicity, which was confirmed by leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, increased intracellular protease, and reduced membrane integrity. Oxidative stress increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), protein carbonyl content (PCC), lipid hydroperoxide (LHP), and 8-isoprostane. Combining PdNPs with MLT elevated the levels of mitochondrial dysfunction by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP content, mitochondrial number, and expression levels of the main regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis. Additionally, PdNPs and MLT induced apoptosis and oxidative DNA damage due to accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG), and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG). Finally, PdNPs and MLT increased mitochondrially mediated stress and apoptosis, which was confirmed by the increased expression levels of apoptotic genes. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the effects of combining PdNPs and MLT in human lung cancer cells. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in PdNP- and MLT-induced toxicity, and it may be that this combination therapy could be a potential effective therapeutic approach. This combination effect provides information to support the clinical evaluation of PdNPs and MLT as a suitable agents for lung cancer treatment, and the combined effect provides therapeutic value, as non-toxic concentrations of PdNPs and MLT are more effective, better tolerated, and show less adverse effects. Finally, this study suggests that MLT could be used as a supplement in nano-mediated combination therapies used to treat lung cancer.

show abstract

“…13 A lower level of ROS is involved in the regulation of various cellular functions, while cell death is induced by higher levels of ROS. [14][15][16] Viability of Lemna gibba plant cells reduces after silver NP treatment, which is also significantly correlated with intracellular ROS induction. 16 RNA degradation can be rapidly triggered by cell death.…”

Section: Influence Of Nanoparticle Treatment On H Perforatummentioning

confidence: 97%

<p>Nanoparticles Affect the Expression Stability of Housekeeping Genes in Plant Cells</p>

Selvakesavan¹,

Franklin²

2020

NSA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report on the expression stability of several housekeeping/reference genes that can be used in the normalization of target gene expression in quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of plant cells challenged with metal nanoparticles (NPs). Materials and Methods: Uniform cell suspension cultures of Hypericum perforatum were treated with 25 mg/l silver and gold NPs (14-15 nm in diameter). Cells were collected after 0.5, 4.0, and 12 h. The total RNA isolated from the cells was analyzed for the stability of ACT2, ACT3, ACT7, EF1-α, GAPDH, H2A, TUB-α, TUB-β, and 18S rRNA genes using qRT-PCR. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of the genes were analyzed using the geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder statistical algorithms to rank gene stability. The stability of the top-ranked genes was validated by normalizing the expression of HYP1. Results: The expression of the tested housekeeping genes varied with treatment duration and NP types. EF1-α in gold NP treatment and TUB-α and EF1-α in silver NP treatment ranked among the top three positions. However, none of the genes retained their top ranking with time and across NP types. Conclusion: EF1-α can be used as a reference for treatment involving both silver and gold NPs in H. perforatum cells. TUB-α can be used only for silver NP-treated cells. The expression instability of most of the housekeeping genes highlights the importance of systematic standardization of reference genes for NP treatment conditions to draw proper conclusions on the target gene expression.

show abstract

Cytotoxicity and Transcriptomic Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cells

Cited by 72 publications

References 83 publications

Antiviral Potential of Nanoparticles—Can Nanoparticles Fight Against Coronaviruses?

Antiviral Potential of Nanoparticles—Can Nanoparticles Fight Against Coronaviruses?

Melatonin Enhances Palladium-Nanoparticle-Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Lung Epithelial Adenocarcinoma Cells A549 and H1229

<p>Nanoparticles Affect the Expression Stability of Housekeeping Genes in Plant Cells</p>

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About