Cytotoxicity and sealing properties of four classes of endodontic sealers evaluated by succinic dehydrogenase activity and confocal laser scanning microscopy

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the cytotoxicity and sealing properties of four classes of endodontic sealers (PCS/Kerr, RoekoSeal/Roeko, TopSeal/Dentsply, and EndoREZ/Ultradent). For cytotoxicity testing (MTT method), the materials were either placed immediately in contact with cultured cells or 24 h after setting, then evaluated at three subsequent time points (24 h, 48 h, or 1 wk). For the leakage study, extracted human roots were obturated with acrylic cones and sealers and immersed for 48 h into rhodamine‐labeled lipopolysaccharide. The roots were then observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope to estimate (semiquantitatively) the presence of the rhodamine‐lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inside the canal. The results showed that cytotoxicity generally increased with time, and that most materials pose significant cytotoxic risks, particularly in the freshly mixed condition. Further, all materials showed significant leakage although there was large variation among teeth. Overall, the silicon‐based material (Roeko Seal) was less cytotoxic and more effective in sealing root canals against LPS leakage than other materials.

Cytotoxicity of root canal sealers on endothelial cell cultures

“…An example is the MTT assay. In this assay, the yellow MTT salt, which has a ring-shaped molecular structure, is absorbed by cells and cleaved by an enzyme inside the mitochondria, giving origin to a product named formazan in the form of purple-colored non-soluble crystals (12,18,19). To achieve this result, the identification of the color intensity of the solution is done by an ELISA spectrophotometer, with a high accurate reading in cytotoxicity studies (18).…”

“…Additionally, it is a low-cost procedure that yields results within 48 h (12,13,18,19), and is therefore the most commonly used procedure for determining the cytotoxicity of different types of materials (20). Due to these characteristics and the endorsement by some authors (13,15,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), this assay was used in this study for assessing the cytotoxicity of all the six endodontic sealers.…”

Histopathologic Evaluation of the Subcutaneous Tissue Response toThree Endodontic Sealers

“…Currently, there are three recommended tests for the biological evaluation and acceptance of endodontic materials: a primary test or cell culture test which provides a general profile of toxicity for the material (level 1), a secondary test or material implantation test which evaluates its local toxicity in experimental animals (level 2) and usage test in which the material is used in the endodontic treatment of teeth in experimental animals (level 3). In cell culture tests, several studies have been performed and all have found different degrees of cytotoxicity for various sealers [1,2,3]. Bouillaguet et al (2004) [1] evaluated cytotoxicity of several sealers at cell culture and reported that the cytotoxicity of sealers increases with time from 24hr to 1 week and most sealers are potentially, cytotoxic specially when they are mixed freshly .…”

“…In cell culture tests, several studies have been performed and all have found different degrees of cytotoxicity for various sealers [1,2,3]. Bouillaguet et al (2004) [1] evaluated cytotoxicity of several sealers at cell culture and reported that the cytotoxicity of sealers increases with time from 24hr to 1 week and most sealers are potentially, cytotoxic specially when they are mixed freshly . Huangetal [3] demonstrated that Diaket exhibit not only in vitro dose dependent cytotoxicity but also genotoxicity and that cytotoxicity of ZOE was detectable as early as 1hr after mixing and remained at a high level until 5 week.…”

Biocompatibility of Portland cement combined with different radiopacifying agents

“…Therefore, the biocompatibility of all dental materials that could potentially come in contact with tissues should be investigated (1). This property is of special significance for endodontic materials (3,4) because sealants may cause different reactions in the dental pulp (4)(5)(6)(7). Subcutaneous tissue reaction is one of the in vivo biocompatibility tests that have been used for evaluating several new materials (2,(8)(9)(10).…”