Cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity of trichothecene mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp.

Rhizospheric changes of fungal and bacterial communities in relation to soil health of multi-generation apple orchards

“…This indicates that F. avenaceum and F. venenatum are soil inhabiting species typical in European apple orchards, but they do not commonly colonize roots; therefore, their presence everywhere in native soils suggests further investigation on negative impact on plants growth that may be due to phytotoxic metabolites released in rhizosphere, as they are one component of Fusarium spp. pathogenicity (Abbas et al, 2013;Chelkowski, 1989;Desjardins et al, 1989).…”

Assessment of the electronic structure and properties of trichothecene toxins using density functional theory

“…Principal component analysis and multilinear regression were performed using BuildQSAR and MATLAB software [43,44]. The biological activity data used in the structure activity studies were obtained from previously published reports [3,45,46]. Models (QSAR) were validated by the leave-one-out cross-validation method, due to an emphasis on more descriptive models over predictive models and the limited number of compounds with suitable activity for model development.…”

“…Previous studies have found 1-and 2-dimensional descriptors to be important parameters in QSAR models of toxicity [50][51][52]. The in vitro mammalian cell cytotoxicity of 28 trichothecenes has recently been reported for the H4TG, MDCK, KA31 T, and NIH3T3 cell types [45]. A principal component analysis of 27 trichothecenes in which activity was obtained in the four assays found that the first component described 97.78% of the variance, the second component 1.53% of the variance, the third 0.55%, and the final component 0.15%.…”

“…Two descriptor models based on electronegativity and the molecular topological order-3 charge index provided satisfactory models (0.738-0.597 R 2 adj ). The type and position of oxygen substituent on the multicyclic sesquiterpene system has a significant impact on trichothecene toxicity [45,46], and electronegativity and molecular topology are appropriate descriptors to portray the position and type of substitution. The models based on a molecular topological index and electronegativity correspond well with 3D-QSAR CoMFA and CoMSIA studies on macrocyclic and other trichothecenes which identified the steric and electrostatic regions related to yeast cell toxicity [56].…”

<i>Ustilaginoidea virens</i> Infection of Rice in Arkansas: Toxicity of False Smut Galls, Their Extracts and the Ustiloxin Fraction

“…The cytotoxicity of RFSGCFE and RFSGUF was evaluated in four mammalian cell line assays as described previously [36]- [38]. Briefly, the following mammalian cell lines were used: H4TG6-thioguanine-resistant minimal deviation rat hepatoma cell line with some differentiated liver properties purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA); MDCKMadin Darby canine kidney epithelial cells with some differrentiated kidney properties purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA); NIH3T3 Swiss mouse fibroblasts obtained from S. Aaronson, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; and KA3-ITKirsten murine sarcoma virus transformed 3T3 Swiss mouse fibroblasts obtained from R. Pollack, Columbia University, New York, NY.RFSGCFE and RFSGUF were tested at various concentrations: 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/ml.…”