Cytotoxicity and ion release of alloy nanoparticles

Abstract

It is well-known that nanoparticles could cause toxic effects in cells. Alloy nanoparticles with yet unknown health risk may be released from cardiovascular implants made of Nickel–Titanium or Cobalt–Chromium due to abrasion or production failure. We show the bio-response of human primary endothelial and smooth muscle cells exposed to different concentrations of metal and alloy nanoparticles. Nanoparticles having primary particle sizes in the range of 5–250 nm were generated using laser ablation in three different solutions avoiding artificial chemical additives, and giving access to formulations containing nanoparticles only stabilized by biological ligands. Endothelial cells are found to be more sensitive to nanoparticle exposure than smooth muscle cells. Cobalt and Nickel nanoparticles caused the highest cytotoxicity. In contrast, Titanium, Nickel–Iron, and Nickel–Titanium nanoparticles had almost no influence on cells below a nanoparticle concentration of 10 μM. Nanoparticles in cysteine dissolved almost completely, whereas less ions are released when nanoparticles were stabilized in water or citrate solution. Nanoparticles stabilized by cysteine caused less inhibitory effects on cells suggesting cysteine to form metal complexes with bioactive ions in media.

Quantitative assessment of inhalation exposure and deposited dose of aerosol from nanotechnology-based consumer sprays

“…23 Similar to that earlier study, the “inhalation exposure” and “deposited dose” were calculated. “Inhalation exposure” is the aerosol mass entering the human respiratory system during an exposure event.…”

“…23 Here, we report the results of a quantitative exposure assessment for selected consumer sprays, which are supposed to be used as antiseptics, cosmetics and personal care products. Ten spray products initially identified by Nazarenko et al .…”

Synthesis and surface functionalization of silica nanoparticles for nanomedicine

“…Positively charged mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a zeta potential of + 34.4 mV had an onset of clearance into the intestinal tract in less than 30 min compared to over 3 days with −17.6 mV negatively charged particles. There have been several reports which have confirmed the urinary and fecal excretion of various formulations and sizes of silica particles [39,49,50]. Huang and co-workers investigated the biodistribution of different silica nanoparticles with varying aspect ratios using ICP–OES and demonstrated that even larger silica nanoparticles could be excreted [51].…”

Alloying colloidal silver nanoparticles with gold disproportionally controls antibacterial and toxic effects

“…The availability of any desired Ag/Au ratio in a solid alloy, in combination with its ablation in liquid by lasers, gives access to colloidal alloy nanoparticles with defined compositions [35,36]. Since it has been recently shown that gold-silver nanoparticle surface patterns designed from co-sputtering of gold with silver showed a silver ion release disproportional to the silver content in the alloy, the question arises whether this effect will also be observed in the bioresponse to nanoparticles [37,38].…”