Cytotoxicity and Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys in Hank's Solution after Processing by High‐Pressure Torsion

Lopes, Débora de Oliveira; Silva, Cláudio L. P.; Soares, Renata Braga; Pereira, Pedro Henrique R.; Oliveira, Ana Celeste; Figueiredo, Roberto B.; Langdon, Terence G.; Lins, Vanessa de Freitas Cunha

doi:10.1002/adem.201900391

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Thus, the viability of the composite is high, which shows that it is not toxic despite the fast initial corrosion. This is in agreement with an earlier report showing that HPT processing has no effect on the in vitro biocompatibility of pure magnesium and magnesium alloys [32].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…For convenience, the arcs for the Mg-BG and AZ91-BG composites are also shown in an insert at the upper right with a reduced scale. A curve obtained during testing of commercial purity Mg (CP-Mg) processed by HPT [32] is also shown in Figure 7 for comparison purposes. Thus, it is apparent that the second phase reduces the corrosion resistance of Mg and this effect is more pronounced when using BG.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EIS tests revealed small impedance arcs for the BG composites which is consistent with the fast corrosion observed in these materials. However, the Mg-HA composite displayed an impedance arc that was larger than observed in conventional AZ31 and ZK60 magnesium alloys [32] and this shows that the Mg-HA composite exhibits a considerable corrosion resistance. The hydrogen evolution test showed that the initially high corrosion rate gradually decreases until it reaches a very low value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests in Hank’s solution for the different composites. The value for bulk Mg processed by HPT [32] is also shown for comparison.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnesium-Based Bioactive Composites Processed at Room Temperature

et al. 2019

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Hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass particles were added to pure magnesium and an AZ91 magnesium alloy and then consolidated into disc-shaped samples at room temperature using high-pressure torsion (HPT). The bioactive particles appeared well-dispersed in the metal matrix after multiple turns of HPT. Full consolidation was attained using pure magnesium, but the center of the AZ91 disc failed to fully consolidate even after 50 turns. The magnesium-hydroxyapatite composite displayed an ultimate tensile strength above 150 MPa, high cell viability, and a decreasing rate of corrosion during immersion in Hank’s solution. The composites produced with bioactive glass particles exhibited the formation of calcium phosphate after 2 h of immersion in Hank’s solution and there was rapid corrosion in these materials.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests in Hank’s solution for the different composites. The value for bulk Mg processed by HPT [32] is also shown for comparison.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnesium-Based Bioactive Composites Processed at Room Temperature

et al. 2019

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“…High-pressure torsion refines the grain structure of pure magnesium and its alloys and may improve strength, ductility and introduce superplastic properties [11]. Also, this processing technique does not compromise biocompatibility of these materials [12,13] and may enhance corrosion resistance [12,14 -19]. Recent papers have reported the use of this technique to produce different magnesium-based composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing magnesium-based composites through high-pressure torsion

et al. 2019

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Magnesium and its alloys display interesting properties such as low density and biocompatibility but the lack of ductility and low strength compromise their performance in many applications. Fabrication of metal matrix composites may alleviate these challenges and improve overall performance. Magnesium matrix composites can be produced by cold consolidation of particles through high-pressure torsion and this paper summarizes recent findings in processing routes for the fabrication of composites, the microstructure developed, mechanical properties obtained and potential applications. It is shown that ductile materials can be mixed with magnesium by processing half samples placed side by side and hard and brittle materials can be incorporated by processing mixed particles. The distribution of phases may be controlled by the amount of rotation imposed during processing. Well-dispersed second phase particles within a continuous magnesium matrix can be obtained. Thus, it is possible to incorporate bioactive materials within a biodegradable magnesium matrix. Detailed characterization using transmission electron microscopy reveals the processing also refines the grain structure of the metallic matrix. The composites may display good ductility, improved strength and an ability to precipitate intermetallics through thermal treatment. The composites produced using high-pressure torsion have different potential applications including the development of bioactive and biodegradable biological implants.

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Corrosion in Hank's Solution and Mechanical Strength of Ultrafine‐Grained Pure Iron

et al. 2020

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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing biodegradable implants which are absorbed by the body after fulfilling a task. Pure iron is a candidate for such applications because it is considered biocompatible and it does not passivate in physiological media. Herein, the potential to increase the strength of pure iron through grain refinement is evaluated to allow a reduction in size of implants and its effect on corrosion behavior. High‐pressure torsion is applied to process pure iron and to refine the grain size of less than 1 μm. Annealing at different temperatures is used to produce samples with different grain sizes. Compression tests show a significant increase in flow stress to over 1 GPa in samples with very small grain sizes. However, such structure is associated with negligible strain hardening and strain‐rate sensitivity. Electrochemical and immersion tests in Hank's solution show that the grain refinement reduces the corrosion rate significantly. Samples with grain sizes smaller than 1 μm display uniform corrosion and develop a homogeneous surface layer of corrosion products. Thus, severe plastic deformation followed by annealing produces mechanically stronger pure iron with reduced biodegradability.

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Cytotoxicity and Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys in Hank's Solution after Processing by High‐Pressure Torsion

Cited by 32 publications

References 40 publications

Magnesium-Based Bioactive Composites Processed at Room Temperature

Magnesium-Based Bioactive Composites Processed at Room Temperature

Developing magnesium-based composites through high-pressure torsion

Corrosion in Hank's Solution and Mechanical Strength of Ultrafine‐Grained Pure Iron

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