Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Inducing Activities of 2-Amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile Derivatives Loaded on Gold Nanoparticles Against Human Breast Cancer Cell Line T47D

Abstract

Chemotherapy drugs, used for prevention of uncontrolled cell proliferation in certain tissues as well as inducing apoptosis in tumor cells, are important candidates for treatment of cancer. The synthesized 2-amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives effective on cancerous cells resistant to other drugs such as Paclitaxel were used due to their ability in induction of apoptosis. The growth inhibitory and inducing apoptosis activities were determined. In order to make it target-oriented, the best compound was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (NPs) by aspartic acid with chemical reduction method. Cytotoxicity effect of 2-amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives against the T47D breast cancer cell line was determined by MTT assay. The synthesis of gold NPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis and dynamic light scattering. To assess the effects of compounds on the process of apoptosis, staining methods with acridine orange-ethidium bromide and Hoechst staining by fluorescence microscopy and DNA fragmentation by the diphenylamine method were used. The synthesized compounds containing two NH 2 groups on benzene rings, demonstrated more cytotoxicity effect. The effect of conjugation with gold NPs and the induction of apoptosis were studied with the best compound. The cytotoxicity effects of the synthesized 2-amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile compounds were changed by replacement of NO 2 group on thiol ring with different chemical groups on the benzene ring. Analyses of treated cell lines by conjugated and non-conjugated forms of compounds verified their ability in inducing apoptosis while conjugated form demonstrated higher apoptosis.

To What Extend Aromatherapy with Peppermint Oil Effects on Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patient Diagnosed with Breast Cancer? A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…The participants need to choose an option ranging from the least or none indicator (0) to the worst situation (4). Therefore, the sum of the points will range from 0 to 32.…”

“…Risk factors involved in BC are: age, sex, family history, obesity, diet, race, alcohol and cigarette use. Despite there are a lot of factor leading to this disease it is difficult to determine the main cause of BC [4]. Early treatments for BC are complex and may include surgery, chemotherapy, biotherapy, radiotherapy and plastic surgery [1].…”