Cytotoxicity and Antiviral Activity of Calcium Alginate Fibers and Zinc Alginate Fibers

Abstract

The cytotoxicity and anti-influenza virus (IFV) activity of calcium or zinc alginate fibers were investigated to explore the feasibility of them to be used as biomaterials. African Green Monkey kidney cell (Vero) and human cervical cancer cell (Hela) cultured with alginate fibres were used to screen cytotoxic effects. After 48 h, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazol)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide) assays were performed. Then cytotoxicity was evaluated with six grades according to cell relative growth rate (RGR). In anti-IFV activity assay, IFV were added to all fibers and the Vero cell survival were detected by MTT assays with calculating the percentage of protection. The cytotoxity of calcium alginate fibers on Vero were grade 0 or 1 in contrast to zinc alginate fibers which was grade 0. The cytotoxity of calcium or zinc alginate fibers on Hela were grade 0. Furthermore, partial calcium or zinc alginate fibers could promote Vero or Hela cell growth. In antiviral assay the highest percentage of protection of calcium alginate fibers was 34.42%, while that of zinc alginate fibers was 59.42%. The results showed that calcium or zinc alginate fibers had a good cellular biocompatibility and the large weight zinc alginate fibers had a better anti-IFV activity than calcium alginate fibers, which is potential for tissue engineering.

Antiviral Properties of Alginate-Based Biomaterials: Promising Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2

“… 65 , 66 Calcium and zinc alginate fibers showed antiviral activity on Vero cells with IFV. 62 However, the authors of this study did not specify the IFV type and strain used in the experiments.…”

“…As can be seen in Figure 5 , the antiviral properties of alginate against HIV-1 60 , 76 , 77 and HSV-1 51 − 53 , 61 , 67 − 69 are the most frequently studied, followed by HCV, 60 , 61 HSV-2, 50 , 68 TMV, 63 , 75 PV-1, 61 , 67 and MNV and HAV. 54 , 59 Alginate-based materials have also been tested against HBV, 60 SINV, 61 RAV, 46 PVX, 48 IFV, 62 VSV, 49 HTLV-1, 60 RV, 47 T4, 72 and HIV-1(VSV). 60 Of these 32 studies, 25 showed viral inhibition, which suggest that alginate-based materials have significant potential as alternative antiviral agents.…”

First report of antiviral activity of carbon nanofibers: Enhancement of the viral inhibition capacity of calcium alginate films

“…The antiviral properties of calcium alginate has been hardly explored [11,12]. However, as far as we know, the antiviral activity of calcium alginate with carbon nanofibers and graphene oxide has never been studied before.…”

Immunotoxicity of Copper Alginate Fibers in Guinea Pigs and Mice

“…Alginic acid consists of the linear binary copolymer chains (1,4) linked β-D-mannuronic acid (M), and α-L-guluronic acid (G) residues [2]. Copper alginate fibers, which can be derived from sodium alginate solution by sodium-copper exchange, are new multi-ion antimicrobial fibers that are antistatic and efficient in shielding electromagnetic radiation.…”

“…Nontoxic and non-allergenic alginic acid is extracted from bacteria or brown algae including sargassum algae, kelp, and macroalga [1]. Alginic acid consists of the linear binary copolymer chains (1,4) linked β-D-mannuronic acid (M), and α-L-guluronic acid (G) residues [2].…”