Cytotoxic xanthones from Garcinia hanburyi

Stability and Cytotoxicity of Gambogic Acid and Its Derivative, Gambogoic Acid

“…This deduction well explains the fact that not only b-oriented methoxyl derivative like GOA, but also a-oriented isomorreollin and morreolic acid were isolated from gamboges. 4) According to this deduction, ethanol was considered to be another candidate to provide the nucleophilic ions. This reaction was repeated using a pure sample of GA instead of gamboges, together with methanol, and ethanol, respectively.…”

Gambogic acid mediates apoptosis as a p53 inducer through down-regulation of mdm2 in wild-type p53-expressing cancer cells

“…Traditionally, gamboge was used as a coloring material and folk medicine due to its unique color and broad spectrum of cytotoxic activities (14,15). Although the molecular structure of GA was established in 1966 ( Fig.…”

“…1; ref. 16), the biological property of GA remained ambiguous until 1990 because of the lack of suitable protocols to obtain large quantities of this compound with high purity (15,17,18). Now GA having purity of >98% can be achieved according to a novel extraction method reported by Drs.…”

Gambogic amide, a selective agonist for TrkA receptor that possesses robust neurotrophic activity, prevents neuronal cell death

“…Despite the therapeutic potential of NGF, clinical trials have been disappointing (11), which is due to inherent drawbacks associated with the use of polypeptides applied as drugs (12), in vivo instability (5), and pleiotropic effects. To circumvent these curbs, substantial efforts have been made to design small, proteolytically stable molecules with neurotrophic activity, selective for cells expressing TrkA (12)(13)(14). They present partial agonistic activity in the absence of NGF by activating TrkA.…”