Cytotoxic Steroidal Saponins from the Rhizomes of Asparagus o ligoclonos

Sung

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

et al. 2015

PURPOSE.To evaluate the effect of optic disc tilt on the progression of glaucoma in myopic glaucomatous eyes.METHODS. The disc tilt ratio was estimated on disc photographs. Glaucomatous progression was determined either by stereoscopic optic disc/retinal nerve fiber layer photographs or serial visual field data. All participants were categorized into two groups according to tilt ratio (nontilted [<1.3] or tilted [ ‡1.3]). Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis was used to compare the survival experiences (time to confirmed glaucomatous progression) between groups. The hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations between potential risk factors and progression were determined by using Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS.A total of 85 eyes in 85 myopic glaucoma patients (axial length > 24 mm; mean follow-up, 4.1 years) were included. Among them, 42 eyes (49.4%) demonstrated progression and 43 eyes (50.6%) were stable on follow-up. The mean disc tilt ratio was significantly smaller, and the prevalence of disc hemorrhage higher, in the progression than the stable group (P ¼ 0.032, P ¼ < 0.001, respectively). The cumulative probability of progression was 24.7% in the tilted group and 68.7% in the nontilted group (P ¼ 0.005). Disc hemorrhage (HR ¼ 3.317; P ¼ 0.001) and the tilt ratio (HR ¼ 0.110; P ¼ 0.046) were predictive of progression. CONCLUSIONS.Myopic eyes with tilted disc demonstrated a smaller probability of glaucomatous progression. Optic disc tilt may be protective against glaucoma progression, or tilted myopic glaucomatous eyes may have less progressive characteristic by nature.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Optic Disc Tilt in the Progression of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Sung

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

et al. 2015

“…Trimethylsilylimidazole was added to the residue, and the mixture was heated for 1 h at 60°C, followed by partition between n-hexane and water. The organic layer was analyzed by GC [HP-5892 II with an FID detector and an HP-20M (Carbowx 20 M) capillary column (25 m × 0.32 mm × 0.3 µm)], and their retention times were compared with those of authentic sugars [12]. D-Glucose and L-arabinopyranose were detected from 1, 2, and 3; L-arabinopyranose was detected from 1 and 2; and D-arabinofuranose was detected from 1.…”

Section: Acid Hydrolysis and Gc Analysis Of 1-7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Triterpenoid Saponins fromBacopa monnieraon Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

Zhou¹,

Peng

Zhang

et al. 2009

Planta Med

“…The Asparagus genus (Asparagaceae) has over 300 species which are widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions including India, China, Korea and Japan [1]. Its medicinal properties are reported in traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo leaf and root transcriptome analysis identified novel genes involved in Steroidal sapogenin biosynthesis in Asparagus racemosus

et al. 2014

BackgroundSaponins are mainly amphipathic glycosides that posses many biological activities and confer potential health benefits to humans. Inspite of its medicinal attributes most of the triterpenes and enzymes involved in the saponin biosynthesis remains uncharacterized at the molecular level. Since the major steroidal components are present in the roots of A. racemosus our study is focussed on the comparative denovo transcriptome analysis of root versus leaf tissue and identifying some root specific transcripts involved in saponin biosynthesis using high-throughput next generation transcriptome sequencing.ResultsAfter sequencing, de novo assembly and quantitative assessment, 126861 unigenes were finally generated with an average length of 1200 bp. Then functional annotation and GO enrichment analysis was performed by aligning all-unigenes with public protein databases including NR, SwissProt, and KEGG. Differentially expressed genes in root were initially identified using the RPKM method using digital subtraction between root and leaf. Twenty seven putative secondary metabolite related transcripts were experimentally validated for their expression in root or leaf tissue using q-RT PCR analysis. Most of the above selected transcripts showed preferential expression in root as compared to leaf supporting the digitally subtracted result obtained. The methyl jasmonate application induces the secondary metabolite related gene transcripts leading to their increased accumulation in plants. Therefore, the identified transcripts related to saponin biosynthesis were further analyzed for their induced expression after 3, 5 and 12 hours of exogenous application of Methyl Jasmonate in tissue specific manner.ConclusionsIn this study, we have identified a large set of cDNA unigenes from A. racemosus leaf and root tissue. This is the first transcriptome sequencing of this non-model species using Illumina, a next generation sequencing technology. The present study has also identified number of root specific transcripts showing homology with saponin biosynthetic pathway. An integrated pathway of identified saponin biosynthesis transcripts their tissue specific expression and induced accumulation after methyl jasmonate treatment was discussed.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-746) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.