Cytotoxic Steroidal Saponins Containing a Rare Fructosyl from the Rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. latifolia

Abstract

A phytochemical investigation of the steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Paris polyohylla var. latifolia led to the discovery and characterization of three new spirostanol saponins, papolatiosides A–C (1–3), and nine known compounds (4–12). Their structures were established via extensive spectroscopic data analysis and chemical methods. Interestingly, compounds 1 and 2 possessed a fructosyl in their oligosaccharide moiety, which is rare in natural product and was firstly reported in family Melanthiaceae. The cytotoxicity of these saponins against several human cancer cell lines was evaluated by a CCK-8 experiment. As a result, compound 1 exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect on LN229, U251, Capan-2, HeLa, and HepG2 cancer cells with IC50 values of 4.18 ± 0.31, 3.85 ± 0.44, 3.26 ± 0.34, 3.30 ± 0.38 and 4.32 ± 0.51 μM, respectively. In addition, the result of flow cytometry analysis indicated that compound 1 could induce apoptosis of glioma cells LN229. The underlying mechanism was explored by network pharmacology and western bolt experiments, which indicated that compound 1 could induce glioma cells LN229 apoptosis by regulating the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Steroidal Saponins: Naturally Occurring Compounds as Inhibitors of the Hallmarks of Cancer

“…A steroidal saponin obtained from the rhizomes of Paris phylla var. latifolia was shown to target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) sign in the glioma cell lines LN229 and U251, as indicated in a network pharmacology ana The key proteins of proliferative signaling such as EGFR, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR in phosphorylated forms have been downregulated as a result of steroidal saponin treat in the cell lines [37]. Paris polypylla steroidal saponins diosgenin, pennogenin, and todiosgenin acetate were shown to act in a similar manner against breast cancer recep EGFR, and estrogen receptor-α (Erα).…”