Cytotoxic Prenylated Xanthones from the Pericarps of Garcinia mangostana

Abstract

Bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of the pericarps of Garcinia mangostana led to the isolation of two new prenylated xanthones, named 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-xanthone (1) and 1,3,8-trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyl)-xanthone (2), together with the five known compounds garcinones C (3) and D (4), gartanin (5), xanthone I (6), and γ-mangostin (7). Their structures were elucidated primarily based on MS and NMR data. Compounds 1-7 showed significant cytotoxic activities against various human cancer cell lines.

α‐Amylase inhibition of xanthones fromGarcinia mangostanapericarps and their possible use for the treatment of diabetes with molecular docking studies

“…The known xanthones were elucidated as garcixanthone A ( 1 ) (Ibrahim, Mohamed, Elfaky, Al Haidari, et al, ), gartanin ( 2 ) (Xu et al, ), normangostin ( 3 ) (Govindachari, Kalyanaraman, Muthukumaraswamy, & Pai, ), and garcinone C ( 4 ) (Sen et al, ; Xu et al, ) on the basis of comparing their spectroscopic data with the literature.…”

“…TA B L E 1 NMR spectral data of compound 5 (CD 3 OD, 400 and 100 MHz) The known xanthones were elucidated as garcixanthone A (1) (Ibrahim, Mohamed, Elfaky, Al Haidari, et al, 2018), gartanin (2) (Xu et al, 2014), normangostin (3) (Govindachari, Kalyanaraman, Muthukumaraswamy, & Pai, 1971), and garcinone C (4) (Sen et al, 1982;Xu et al, 2014) on the basis of comparing their spectroscopic data with the literature. Husen et al (2017) reported that G. mangostana improved the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced damage to pancreatic glands and βcells of the islets of Langerhans, through improving the striated muscle cells sensitivity to the insulin decrease and boost the insulin production in diabetic mice (Husen et al, 2017;Nahoum et al, 2000).…”

“…A great attention has been directed toward the plant polyphenols as AAIs because of their antioxidant potential and high level of natural abundance (Nyambe‐Silavwe et al, ; Sales et al, ). Genus Garcinia (fruit trees genus) has been renowned as a major pool of prenylated xanthones, benzophenones, and bioflavonoids (Abdallah et al, , , ; Hussain, Owegby, Parimoo, & Waterman, ; Xu et al, ). Garcinia mangostana is one of its species that has been extensively studied (Ee & Cheow, ).…”

“…Genus Garcinia (fruit trees genus) has been renowned as a major pool of prenylated xanthones, benzophenones, and bioflavonoids (Abdallah et al, , 2016a(Abdallah et al, , 2016bHussain, Owegby, Parimoo, & Waterman, 1982;Xu et al, 2014). Garcinia mangostana is one of its species that has been extensively studied (Ee & Cheow, 2007).…”

Xanthones and Cancer: from Natural Sources to Mechanisms of Action

“…Pericarps yes [23] 1,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxyxanthone Garcinia bracteata Stem barks yes [24] 1,4-Dimethoxy-2,7-dihydroxyxanthone Cratoxylum cochinchinense Stems no [25] 1,5-Dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone-8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside Swertia paniculata Aerial parts no [26] 1,6,8-Trihydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxyxanthone Securidaca longepedunculata…”