Cytotoxic ellagitannins from Reaumuria vermiculata

Ellagitannins, gallotannins, and gallo-ellagitannins from the galls of Tamarix aphylla

“…However, such attachment mode has not been observed in any of the hydrolyzable tannins isolated from other tamaricaceous plants, including those in our investigation of the constituents of Tamarix species [15], or in those isolated from plants of the genus Reaumuria, e.g., Reaumuria hirtella [17] or in vermiculatin (5) recently isolated from Reaumuria vermiculata [9] (Fig. 1).…”

“…Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst., (synonym: Thuja aphylla L., Tamarix orientalis Forssk, Tamarix articulate Vahl), a tamaricaceous plant, is a moderately sized tree native across North, East, and Central Africa, through the Middle East, and into parts of Western and Southern Asia [6,7]. Isolation of various phyto-constituents including triterpenoids, sterols, flavonoids, phenolics, phenolic acids, and derivatives of gallic acid and ellagic acid from different parts of plant species has been reported [6][7][8][9][10]. T. aphylla is traditionally used for the treatment of rheumatism [11], and its aqueous ethanolic extract has been shown to exert analgesic and antipyretic activities [12].…”

“…The isolation of flavogallonic acid dilactone (8) was reported for the first time among plants belonging to the family Tamaricaceae. This report describes the isolation and identification of these hydrolyzable tannin-related phenolics (6)(7)(8), four known hydrolyzable tannins (9)(10)(11)(12), and the structural elucidation of six new hydrolyzable tannins (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). All of the isolated hydrolyzable tannins showed structural features analogous to those reported for hydrolyzable tannins of the tamaricaceous plants [15,17].…”

Rare Ellagic Acid Sulphate Derivatives from the Rhizome of Geum rivale L.—Structure, Cytotoxicity, and Validated HPLC-PDA Assay

“…The differences in the sulphates content between two closely related species examined in our study seems to confirm this assumption. However, the most common hypothesis about their role in adaptation to water-stress [27,28], does not appear to be valid here-in contrast to many of the plants containing sulphate derivatives of ellagic acid, e.g., Tamarix sp., Reaumuria vermiculata, and Frankenia laevis that thrive on dry or salty soils [12,15,29], G. rivale prefers slow draining soils where water is in abundance [1].…”

“…and Bonpl. ex Nestl., Tamarix tetragyna Ehrenb., Tamarix amplexicaulis Ehrenb., Frankenia laevis L., Euphorbia sororia A. Schrenk, Langerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., and Reaumuria vermiculata L. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Of particular interest and best recognized is their inhibitory activity towards aldose reductase-an enzyme taking part in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications.…”