Cytotoxic Assessment of Xylopia aethiopica [Dun.] A. on Human Prostate and Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Cancer is associated with the unregulated multiplication of cells in specific parts of the body. Plant-derived products are employed in the treatment and management of such malignant tumours. Prostate and breast cancers are the most common forms affecting Nigerians. Our aim is to investigate the cytotoxic effect of Xylopia aethiopica, a commonly consumed spice in Nigeria, on selected cancer cell lines. The antiproliferative activity of X. aethiopica ethanol extract of varying concentrations was assessed on MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and LNCaP using MTT assay. A dose-dependent antiproliferative activity was observed. The IC50 for X. aethiopica on the cell lines were ≤ 4.506 ± 0.07 µg/mL except for MCF-7 at 72 hours, where 18.86 ± 0.20 µg/mL was recorded. The findings from this study indicate the potential antiproliferative and cytotoxic property of X. aethiopica on human prostate and breast cancer cell lines.