Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Evaluation of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Moringa oleifera on MCF-7 and HUVEC Cell Lines

Abstract

Nowadays, green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) are extensively investigated to explore their biological potential. They are being explored to treat different infectious and cancerous diseases. Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the medicinal plant Moringa oleifera on breast cancer (MCF-7) and HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) cell lines. M. oleifera-mediated AgNPs were synthesized from the M. oleifera extract (MOE) and then characterized through the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV–vis spectrophotometer. Biosynthesized AgNPs and MOE were employed on MCF-7 and HUVEC cell lines to evaluate their cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. More cytotoxic effects were observed by AgNPs and MOE on MCF-7 cell lines. The IC50 for biosynthesized AgNPs was found to be 5 μg/mL. DNA damage was also observed by the MOE and AgNPs on MCF-7 cell lines. However, non-significant DNA damage was observed by MOE and AgNPs on HUVEC cell lines. The findings of the current study revealed the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of biosynthesized AgNPs on MCF-7 cell lines. However, these AgNPs were considered safe for normal HUVEC cell lines.

Ultrasound and microwave extraction from Moringa oleifera Lam.: Characterization and antiproliferative effect

“…On the other hand, the presence of Bisdemethoxyrcurcumin exclusively in the ethanolic fraction suggests the participation of this molecule causing the death of cells in the 3t3 line, this agrees with the literature, since it induces apoptosis in fibroblasts (Jin et al, 2019), as well as Bisdemethoxyrcurcumin has been shown to induce apoptosis, and inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells (Liu et al, 2011;Li et al, 2013).There are few reports in the literature of in vitro genotoxicity caused by Moringa oleifera extracts (Alkan et al, 2022), according to these results, Moringa extracts can cause DNA damage causing fragmentation, which is related to the mechanism of apoptosis already reported. In this study, it was found that ethanolic extracts cause DNA fragmentation, and this damage is related to the concentration of the extract.…”

The Role of Silver Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: Are There Any Perspectives for the Future?

“…By targeting drug delivery directly to cancer cells, their better bioavailability can improve the effectiveness of antitumor therapy and minimize side effects [ 47 ]. The mechanisms of action of silver nanoparticles and their conjugates with antitumor agents include the production of ROS and oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and the induction of tumor cell death by apoptosis, as well as by nonapoptotic types of cell death [ 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized using extracts of Agrimonia eupatoria L. and in vitro and in vivo studies of potential medicinal applications

“…Only a few in vivo studies have been reported using the comet assay and/or D. melanogaster as model organism to determine the genotoxicity of commercial AgNPs or photosynthesized AgNPs. [54][55][56] Previously, the genotoxic effects of commercial AgNPs and silver nitrate in D. melanogaster hemocytes have been determined by comet assay. 32 In D. melanogaster wings imaginal disks AgNPs were also induced signicant levels of genotoxic damage as determined by the wing-spot assay.…”