Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of abamectin, chlorfenapyr, and imidacloprid on CHOK1 cells

Abstract

The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of abamectin, chlorfenapyr, and imidacloprid have been evaluated on the Chinese hamster ovary (CHOK1) cells. Neutral red incorporation (NRI), total cellular protein content (TCP), and methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays were followed to estimate the mid-point cytotoxicity values, NRI50, TCP50, and MTT50, respectively. The effects of the sublethal concentration (NRI25) on glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GRD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and total glutathione content have been evaluated in the presence and absence of reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, and vitamin E. The genotoxicity was evaluated using chromosomal aberrations (CA), micronucleus (MN) formation, and DNA fragmentation techniques in the presence and absence of the metabolic activation system, S9 mix. Abamectin was the most cytotoxic pesticide followed by chlorfenapyr, while imidacloprid was the least cytotoxic one. The glutathione redox cycle components were altered by the tested pesticides in the absence and presence of the tested antioxidants. The results of genotoxicity indicate that abamectin, chlorfenapyr, and imidacloprid have potential genotoxic effects on CHOK1 cells under the experimental conditions.

Evaluation of Potential DNA-Damaging Effects of Nitenpyram and Imidacloprid in Human U937-Cells Using a New Statistical Approach to Analyse Comet Data

“…Another commercial insecticide containing imidacloprid was used in a study on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells where increased cytotoxicity and increased level of DNA damage were observed after 24-h exposure (Bianchi et al 2015). The cytotoxicity of imidacloprid in vitro has also been investigated in Chinese hamster ovary cells (Al-Sarar et al 2015) and in a cell line based on gill cells from Paralichthys olivaceus (Su et al 2007).…”

“…While the toxicity of neonicotinoids in honeybees has been investigated extensively, studies on material of human origin seem sparse, especially when it comes to nitenpyram. Whereas there are some in vitro studies of the cytotoxicity of imidacloprid in human cells (Al-Sarar et al 2015;Bianchi et al 2015;Calderon-Segura et al 2012;Senyildiz et al 2018;Zeljezic et al 2016)-no similar studies of nitenpyram were found in our literature search. A similar picture emerges when it comes to genotoxicity studies of imidacloprid and nitenpyram.…”

Redox imbalance caused by pesticides: a review of OPENTOX-related research

“…Today, they make one third of the global insecticide market. Among them imidacloprid was the world's top selling insecticide in 2010 (33). In spite of the original belief that neonicotinoids are only mildly toxic to mammals, there is increasing evidence of a variety of toxic effects on animals and humans (34)(35)(36)(37).…”

Potencial toxicogenético de inseticidas neonicotinóides em diferentes sistemas in vivo.

“…Dentre os diversos eventos negativos, destaca-se a capacidade de muitos pesticidas desencadear eventos mutagênicos e carcinogênicos (Demsia et al, 2007;Hong et al, 2017;Tariba-Lorakovic et al, 2017;Gonçaves et al, 2017;Santo et al, 2018), incluindo inseticidas (Arcaute et al, 2014;Atli-Skeroglu et al, 2018;Khan et al, 2018;Calderon-Segura et al, 2018). (Feng et al, 2004;Demsia et al, 2007;Costa et al, 2009;Behinder et al, 2012;Pérez-Iglesias et al, 2014;Bagri et al, 2014;2016;Bianchi et al, 2015;2016;Al-Sarar et al, 2015;Arslan et al, 2015;Kataria et al, 2015;Stivaktakis et al, 2016;Iturburu et al, 2016;Hong et al, 2018;Muzinic et al, 2018;Yucel e Kavis et al, 2018;Guo et al, 2018. Guo et al (2018 avaliaram os efeitos de IMI em células linfoblastos TK6 e identificaram danos de natureza mutagênica e genotóxica nas concentrações de 0,1; 1; 5 e 10 µg/mL, por meio do teste do micronúcleo (TMN) e o ensaio cometa.…”

“…Pesticidas apesar de serem correlacionados com toxicidade seletiva em pragas no campo, também são capazes de interagir com biomoléculas de espécies não alvas de combate, podendo desencadear efeitos toxicológicos em diferentes níveis na biota, incluindo humanos (Mondal et al, 2012). Do ponto de vista ocupacional, pesticidas são preocupantes devido a magnitude da contaminação em um contexto global, partindo da premissa que o homem está exposto diariamente a diferentes concentrações, por meio da ingestão dos alimentos contendo resíduos de diferentes agroquimicos (Al-Sarar et al, 2015).…”