Cytotoxic Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Mediated by Euphorbia Retusa

Abstract

Background: Cancer is a dangerous threat that creates extremely high rates of death and morbidity in various regions of the world. Finding suitable therapeutics to improve cancer therapy while avoiding side effects is critical. The most appropriate innovative therapeutics, which combine natural ingredients and nanomaterials, can improve the biological activity of cancer chemotherapeutics. Methods: Phenolic profiling using high-resolution mass spectrometry and the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was achieved through the reaction of zinc acetate with Euphorbia retusa extract. The characterization of ZnONPs was performed by UV, IR, Zeta potential, XRD, SEM, and TEM. The cytotoxic activity of the ZnONPs was evaluated using a SRB assay against lung, liver, and breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, the mechanism of cytotoxic activity was evaluated in the form of caspase-8 promoters and anti-inflammatory mechanisms using the Western blot method. Results: The high-resolution LC/MS/MS of the E. retusa led to the identification of 22 compounds in the plant for the first time. The Er-ZnONPs had hexagonal shapes, were approximately 100 nm in size, and consisted of aggregated particles of about 10 nm. The E. retusa ZnONPs exhibited cytotoxic activity against HA-549 (IC50 = 22.3 µg/mL), HepG2 (IC50 = 25.6), Huh-7 (IC50 = 25.7), MCF-7 (IC50 = 37.7), and MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 37). Conclusions: E. retusa are rich in phenolics that are capable of synthesizing ZnONPs, which possess cytotoxic activity, via caspase-8 promotion and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

The Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles’ Antiviral Activity in Combination with Pelargonium zonale Extract against the Human Corona 229E Virus

“…P-coumaric acid, catechin, ferulic acid, methyl gallate, and Gallic acid were identified as significant constituents at concentrations of 47.72, 39.99, 33.68, 27.69, and 19.90 mg/g, respectively ( Table 1 ). The detection of catechin, gallic acid, methyl gallate, cinnamic acids, and quercetin was previously reported [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Comparative Anti-inflammatory Activity of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum Herbal Formulations

“…ZnONPs have also been found to be compatible with anti-inflammatory drugs, such as diclofenac sodium, and have shown potential as drug delivery vectors. ZnONPs synthesized through green methods present themselves as effective and biocompatible anti-inflammatory agents [23,24].…”

Cytotoxicity and Characterization of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum Herbal Formulation

“…The consistency of the spectra over time underscored the reliability of the synthesis method [ 14 ]. For ZnONPs, a maximum absorption peak at approximately 380 nm confirmed their presence, with a shift in peak observed during synthesis, suggesting dynamic changes in optical properties during formation [ 15 ].…”