Cytotoxic activity of standardized extracts, a fraction, and individual secondary metabolites from fenugreek seeds against SKOV-3, HeLa and MOLT-4 cell lines

Abstract

Context Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fabaceae) has many therapeutic properties and anticancer potential. Objective The cytotoxic activities of standardized extracts and a fraction from fenugreek seeds and their compounds (sapogenins, flavone C-glycosides, alkaloid trigonelline) against human cancer SKOV-3, HeLa and MOLT-4 cells were evaluated. Materials and methods Fenugreek seeds were extracted with 70% methanol (A) or water (B). Furthermore, the seeds were purified with petroleum ether and chloroform and next extracted with methanol to obtain fraction (C). The quantitative analysis of saponins and flavonoids in the extracts was done with HPLC methods. The extracts (5–120 µg/mL) and compounds (1–50 µg/mL) were tested on the cells by MTT assay and RTCA system. The effect of a fraction on ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3/7 activity in HeLa and SKOV-3 cells was also evaluated by flow cytometry. Results The strongest cytotoxic activity on cancer cells showed the fraction C (IC 50 was 3.91 ± 0.03 for HeLa, 3.97 ± 0.07 for SKOV-3, and 7.75 ± 0.37 for MOLT-4) with the highest content of steroidal saponins (163.18 ± 11.03 μg/mg) and flavone C-glycosides (820.18 ± 0.05 μg/mg). The fraction significantly increased ROS production (up to four times higher than in keratinocytes as control) and caspases activity in the cells. The examined flavonoids did not exhibit the cytotoxic activity in contrast to yamogenin, tigogenin, and diosgenin. Conclusions The obtained results complement the data on the cytotoxic activity of Foenugraeci Semen and synergistic effect of flavonoids and saponins complex contained in the plant.

Yamogenin-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line

“…This system enables the monitoring of cell viability and proliferation in real-time and continuously. The cells were seeded (2 × 10 4 cells/well) in E-plates 16 (Acea Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA) for 24 h, then yamogenin was added to the plate wells at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50 µg/mL, as previously described [ 29 ]. During 24 h of incubation of SKOV-3 cells with the compound, the changes in viability, proliferation, and morphology were detected by the xCELLigence system.…”

“…Moreover, yamogenin can inhibit triacylglyceride accumulation and suppress mRNA expression of fatty acid synthesis-related genes in HepG2 [ 28 ]. Our previously reported study showed that yamogenin has cytotoxic activity on human cervical HeLa and ovarian SKOV-3 cells in vitro [ 29 ]; however, its mechanism of action, according to our knowledge, has not been determined. As yamogenin and diosgenin have similar chemical structures, as shown in Figure 1 , it is highly probable that their biological activities and anticancer pathways can be comparable.…”

Dietary Polyphenols: Review on Chemistry/Sources, Bioavailability/Metabolism, Antioxidant Effects, and Their Role in Disease Management

“…Further, chlorogenic acid, alongside its associated moieties, caffeic and quinic acids, has been reported to significantly act against rat hepatoma cell line (AH109) [160]. However, they were observed not to affect the proliferation of the hepatoma.…”

Determination of Constituents of Extract of Celtis tournefortii Lam. by LC-MS/MS, Investigation of Enzyme Inhibition, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Effects

“…Bioactive compounds prevent proliferation, invasion, adhesion, tube formation in cancer cells. In addition to these, it has antiproliferative effects such as suppressing the metabolism of neoplastic transformation and chemical carcinogenesis by negatively affecting the DNA molecule (Aissani et al, 2021;Lu et al, 2010;Muthukumaran et al, 2013;Stefanowicz-Hajduk et al, 2021).…”