Cytotoxic Activity of Melinjo Seed Protein (Gnetum Gnemon L.) Against 4T1 Cells and Hela Cells, and Antiproliferation Test on 4T1 Cells

Abstract

Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) is an easily discovered plant in Indonesia. The previous researchers documented that the Melinjo seed has anticancer activity. This plant contains a high concentration of Ribosome Inactive Proteins (RIPs), which could inhibit protein synthesis. The research aims to determine the cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity of Melinjo seed extract against cervical cancer (HeLa) and breast cancer (4T1) cell lines. The extract was collected using the ion exchange DEAE matrix isolation method. The bioactivity test was done by MTT assay. The cytotoxic activity was determined by the IC 50 value of 361,1 µg/mL and 939,723 µg/mL against 4T1 and HeLa cells, respectively. The antiproliferative activity was determined by doubling the time value on the concentration of 15 µg/mL and 7,5 µg/mL at 24, 48, and 72 h of the test. The result showed no inhibition activity of the extract because the doubling time of the control cells group was higher than the tested group. It can be concluded that the protein fraction of Melinjo seed does not have the cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities against HeLa and 4T1 cell lines.