Cytotaxonomic study in the order Falconiformes (Aves)

Ansari, Helal Ahamad; Kaul, D.

doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1986.tb00235.x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Karyological evidence also supports the distinctness of Gypaetus from other vultures, but not that of Neophron: Aegypius, Torgos, Sarcogyps, Gyps and Necrosyrtes have identical karyotypes (2 = 66), from which Gypaetus differs considerably in the number of chromosomes ( 2n -60) and their morphology (DeBoer 1976;DeBoer & Sinoo 1984). In a different study, the karyotype of Neophron (2 n -66) was found to be similar to that of most Aegypiines (Ansari & Kaul 1986). The alternative hypothesis to polyphyly, i.e.…”

Section: {D) R E La Tio N Sh Ip S a M O N G O Ld W Orld V U Ltu R E Smentioning

confidence: 78%

Evolutionary history of New and Old World vultures inferred from nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene

Seibold

Helbig

1995

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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The phylogeny of 11 species of Old World vultures (Aves: Accipitriformes, Aegypiinae), three species of New World vultures (Cathartidae) and theri nearest relatives within and outside the order Accipitriformes was investigated based on 1026 nucleotides of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The data support the contention that New World vultures are not birds of prey, but phylogenetic information was insufficient to identify whether they are closer to storks (Ciconiidae) or to Accipitriformes. Four species of Gyps are all closely related and probably speciated within the Pleistocene. Molecular data do not support the split of 'white-backed' vultures from Gyps in a separate genus Pseudogyps. The monotypic genera of large, heavy-billed vultures, Aegypius, Torgos, Trigonoceps and Sarcogyps, are of monophyletic origin. We propose to merge Torgos with Aegypius, but retain Trigonoceps and Sarcogyps as separate genera, Sarcogyps being clearly the most primitive of the four. All four, together with Gyps and Necrosyrtes, form a monophyletic subfamily or 'core group', to which the subfamily Aegypiinae should be restricted. This group shares a more recent common ancestor with several non-vulture genera of Accipitrids, among them Buteo, Aquila, Haliaeetus and Circaetus, than it does with the two aberrent vultures Gypaetus barbatus and Neophron percnopterus. The last two are much more primitive; they seem to be each other's sister species and are closer to Pernis than to other Accipitrids. We propose separating Gypaetus and Neophron in the subfamily Gypaetinae. If the cytochrome b gene tree accurately reflects vulture phylogeny, Old World vultures are polyphyletic with the Aegypius-Gyps clade having evolved convergently to the more ancient Gypaetus and Neophron vultures. Polyphyly of Old World vultures, although in conflict with the DNA-DNA hybridization phylogeny of Sibley & Ahlquist (1990), is well supported by molecular, karyotypic, morphological and other phenotypic evidence (behaviour, voice) indicating fundamental differences between the two evolutionary lines.

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Section: {D) R E La Tio N Sh Ip S a M O N G O Ld W Orld V U Ltu R E Smentioning

confidence: 78%

Evolutionary history of New and Old World vultures inferred from nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene

Seibold

Helbig

1995

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…as outgroups for the Falconidae ( Griffiths, 1994 , 1999 ; Haring et al , 2001 ; Griffiths et al , 2004 ), or in treatments of other phylogenetic issues within the Accipitridae ( Seibold & Helbig, 1996 ; Helbig et al , 2005 ; Lerner & Mindell, 2005 ). Cytotaxonomy appears to possess signal, especially in the comparatively intensively studied Falconiformes, but even phenetic groupings of cytotaxonomy have defied interpretation ( Ansari & Kaul, 1986 ). The recent sequence-based phylogeny proposed for the diurnal birds of prey ( Lerner & Mindell, 2005 ) emphasized species-level relationships within the Accipitridae, and Fain & Houde (2004 ) failed to resolve relationships among the diurnal raptors.…”

Section: B Irds Of Prey – Diurnal and Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion

Livezey

Zusi

2007

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

492

705

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In recent years, avian systematics has been characterized by a diminished reliance on morphological cladistics of modern taxa, intensive palaeornithogical research stimulated by new discoveries and an inundation by analyses based on DNA sequences. Unfortunately, in contrast to significant insights into basal origins, the broad picture of neornithine phylogeny remains largely unresolved. Morphological studies have emphasized characters of use in palaeontological contexts. Molecular studies, following disillusionment with the pioneering, but non-cladistic, work of Sibley and Ahlquist, have differed markedly from each other and from morphological works in both methods and findings. Consequently, at the turn of the millennium, points of robust agreement among schools concerning higher-order neornithine phylogeny have been limited to the two basalmost and several mid-level, primary groups. This paper describes a phylogenetic (cladistic) analysis of 150 taxa of Neornithes, including exemplars from all non-passeriform families, and subordinal representatives of Passeriformes. Thirty-five outgroup taxa encompassing Crocodylia, predominately theropod Dinosauria, and selected Mesozoic birds were used to root the trees. Based on study of specimens and the literature, 2954 morphological characters were defined; these characters have been described in a companion work, approximately one-third of which were multistate (i.e. comprised at least three states), and states within more than one-half of these multistate characters were ordered for analysis. Complete heuristic searches using 10 000 random-addition replicates recovered a total solution set of 97 well-resolved, most-parsimonious trees (MPTs). The set of MPTs was confirmed by an expanded heuristic search based on 10 000 random-addition replicates and a full ratchet-augmented exploration to ascertain global optima. A strict consensus tree of MPTs included only six trichotomies, i.e. nodes differing topologically among MPTs. Bootstrapping (based on 10 000 replicates) percentages and ratchet-minimized support (Bremer) indices indicated most nodes to be robust. Several fossil Neornithes (e.g. Dinornithiformes, Aepyornithiformes) were placed within the ingroup a posteriori either through unconstrained, heursitic searches based on the complete matrix augmented by these taxa separately or using backbone-constraints. Analysis confirmed the topology among outgroup Theropoda and achieved robust resolution at virtually all levels of the Neornithes. Findings included monophyly of the palaeognathous birds, comprising the sister taxa Tinamiformes and ratites, respectively, and the Anseriformes and Galliformes as monophyletic sister-groups, together forming the sister-group to other Neornithes exclusive of the Palaeognathae (Neoaves). Noteworthy inferences include: (i) the sister-group to remaining Neoaves comprises a diversity of marine and wading birds; (ii) Podicipedidae are the sister-group of Gaviidae, and not closely related to the Phoenicopteridae, as recently suggested; (iii) t...

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Evolution of Karyotype Organisation in Accipitridae: a Translocation Model

Bed’Hom

2000

Comparative Genomics

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Cytotaxonomic study in the order Falconiformes (Aves)

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Evolutionary history of New and Old World vultures inferred from nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene

Evolutionary history of New and Old World vultures inferred from nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene

Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion

Evolution of Karyotype Organisation in Accipitridae: a Translocation Model

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