Cytoplasmic male sterility in Brassicaceae crops

Yamagishi, Hiroshi; Bhat, S. R.

doi:10.1270/jsbbs.64.38

Cited by 126 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…If so, these effects of heterosis appear to be suppressed in the CMS hybrid varieties. All CMS hybrid varieties tested here were created with the Ogura system, which uses a cytoplasmic element originally derived from radish ( Raphanus sativus L.; Yamagishi & Bhat, 2014) and has been implicated in less well developed, less productive nectaries (Pelletier et al ., 1987; Mesquida et al ., 1991). The presence of the radish cytoplasm in the F1 hybrid offspring, even with male‐fertility restored, could therefore depress nectar production relative to hybrids, such as those with GMS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) as a resource for farmland insect pollinators: quantifying floral traits in conventional varieties and breeding systems

et al. 2017

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Oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napus L.) is a major crop in temperate regions and provides an important source of nutrition to many of the yield‐enhancing insect flower visitors that consume floral nectar. The manipulation of mechanisms that control various crop plant traits for the benefit of pollinators has been suggested in the bid to increase food security, but little is known about inherent floral trait expression in contemporary OSR varieties or the breeding systems used in OSR breeding programmes. We studied a range of floral traits in glasshouse‐grown, certified conventional varieties of winter OSR to test for variation among and within breeding systems. We measured 24‐h nectar secretion rate, amount, concentration and ratio of nectar sugars per flower, and sizes and number of flowers produced per plant from 24 varieties of OSR representing open‐pollinated (OP), genic male sterility (GMS) hybrid and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) hybrid breeding systems. Sugar concentration was consistent among and within the breeding systems; however, GMS hybrids produced more nectar and more sugar per flower than CMS hybrid or OP varieties. With the exception of ratio of fructose/glucose in OP varieties, we found that nectar traits were consistent within all the breeding systems. When scaled, GMS hybrids produced 1.73 times more nectar resource per plant than OP varieties. Nectar production and amount of nectar sugar in OSR plants were independent of number and size of flowers. Our data show that floral traits of glasshouse‐grown OSR differed among breeding systems, suggesting that manipulation and enhancement of nectar rewards for insect flower visitors, including pollinators, could be included in future OSR breeding programmes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) as a resource for farmland insect pollinators: quantifying floral traits in conventional varieties and breeding systems

et al. 2017

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“…According to the origin of the cytoplasm, CMS in rapeseed was classified into two types (Yamagishi and Bhat, 2014). The first type was derived from mutation or intergeneric hybridization during natural reproduction, including pol CMS, Shan2A CMS, and nap CMS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Structure and Transcriptome Comparison of the Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Line in Brassica napus (SaNa-1A) Derived from Somatic Hybridization and Its Maintainer Line SaNa-1B

Liu

et al. 2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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SaNa-1A is a novel cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line in Brassica napus derived from progenies of somatic hybrids between B.napus and Sinapis alba, and SaNa-1B is the corresponding maintainer line. In this study, phenotypic differences of floral organs between CMS and the maintainer lines were observed. By microscope observation in different anther developmental stages of two lines, we found the anther development in SaNa-1A was abnormal since the tetrad stage, and microspore development was ceased during the uninucleate stage. Transcriptomic sequencing for floral buds of sterile and fertile plants were conducted to elucidate gene expression and regulation caused by the alien chromosome and cytoplasm from S. alba. Clean tags obtained were assembled into 195,568 unigenes, and 7811 unigenes distributed in the metabolic and protein synthesis pathways were identified with significant expression differences between two libraries. We also observed that genes participating in carbon metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, oxidation-reduction system, pentatricopeptide repeat, and anther development were downregulated in the sterile line. Some of them are candidates for researches on the sterility mechanism in the CMS material, fertility restoration, and improvement of economic traits in the maintainer line. Further research on the tags with expressional specificity in the fertile line would be helpful to explore desirable agronomic traits from wild species of rapeseed.

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“…Brassica napus that contains Ogura-type CMS was originally produced by protoplast fusion (Pelletier et al 1983) and transferred to Chinese cabbage in the 1980s (Yamagishi and Bhat 2014). Its first F 1 hybrid seeds were produced from the CMS lines (Ke et al 1992); however, these seeds have not been widely used because F 1 plants showed a negative effect, chlorosis at low temperature (LT), instead of heterosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its first F 1 hybrid seeds were produced from the CMS lines (Ke et al 1992); however, these seeds have not been widely used because F 1 plants showed a negative effect, chlorosis at low temperature (LT), instead of heterosis. To eliminate these undesirable effects, B. rapa breeders produced new hybrids by protoplast fusion and repeated backcrossing successful in B. napus and B. juncea (Yamagishi and Bhat 2014). To understand mechanisms of Ogura-CMS in B. rapa, omics approaches have been recently conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorosis of Ogura-CMS Brassica rapa is due to down-regulation of genes for chloroplast proteins

Jeong

Song

et al. 2017

J Plant Biotechnol

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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Abstract Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait leading to loss of the ability to produce fertile pollen and is extensively used in hybrid crop breeding. Ogura-CMS was originally generated by insertion of orf138 upstream of atp8 in the radish mitochondrial genome and transferred to Brassica crops for hybrid breeding. Gene expression changes by dysfunctional mitochondria in Ogura-CMS result in pollen developmental defects, but little is known about gene expression patterns in vegetative tissue. To examine the interaction between nuclear and organellar regulation of gene expression, microarray and subsequent gene expression experiments were conducted with leaves of F 1 hybrid Chinese cabbage derived from selfincompatible (SI) or Ogura-CMS parents (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). Out of 24,000 genes deposited on a KBGP24K microarray, 66 genes were up-regulated and 26 genes were down-regulated by over 2.5 fold in the CMS leaves. Up-regulated genes included stress-response genes and mitochondrial protein genes, while genes for ascorbic acid biosynthesis and thylakoid proteins were down-regulated. Most of the major component genes for light reactions of photosynthesis were highly expressed in leaves of both SI and CMS plants, but most of the corresponding proteins were found to be greatly reduced in leaves of CMS plants, indicating posttranscriptional regulation. Reduction in thylakoid proteins and chlorophylls led to reduction in photosynthetic efficiency and chlorosis of Ogura-CMS at low temperatures. This research provides a foundation for studying chloroplast function regulated by mitochondrial signal and for using organelle genome introgression in molecular breeding.

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Cytoplasmic male sterility in Brassicaceae crops

Cited by 126 publications

References 96 publications

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) as a resource for farmland insect pollinators: quantifying floral traits in conventional varieties and breeding systems

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) as a resource for farmland insect pollinators: quantifying floral traits in conventional varieties and breeding systems

Morphological Structure and Transcriptome Comparison of the Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Line in Brassica napus (SaNa-1A) Derived from Somatic Hybridization and Its Maintainer Line SaNa-1B

Chlorosis of Ogura-CMS Brassica rapa is due to down-regulation of genes for chloroplast proteins

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