Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and Organelle DNAs of Sorghum

Pring, D. R.; Tang, Hoang V.; Schertz, K. F.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0163-9_14

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Cytoplasmic male sterility in S. bicolor is used extensively in production of hybrid seed. Several cms groups are distinguished, based on the mode of fertility restoration (23,24); among these, one member of the A3 group has several unusual characteristics (reviewed in ref. 23).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several cms groups are distinguished, based on the mode of fertility restoration (23,24); among these, one member of the A3 group has several unusual characteristics (reviewed in ref. 23). Earlier, we demonstrated that RNA editing of atp6 transcripts is the same in fertile and A3 cms S. bicolor lines (21); however, in that study we used mtRNA isolated from etiolated shoots only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell type-specific loss of atp6 RNA editing in cytoplasmic male sterile Sorghum bicolor

Howad

Kempken

1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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RNA editing and cytoplasmic male sterility are two important phenomena in higher plant mitochondria. To determine whether correlations might exist between the two, RNA editing in different tissues of Sorghum bicolor was compared employing reverse transcription-PCR and subsequent sequence analysis. In etiolated shoots, RNA editing of transcripts of plant mitochondrial atp6, atp9, nad3, nad4, and rps12 genes was identical among fertile or cytoplasmic male sterile plants. We then established a protocol for mitochondrial RNA isolation from plant anthers and pollen to include in these studies. Whereas RNA editing of atp9, nad3, nad4, and rps12 transcripts in anthers was similar to etiolated shoots, mitochondrial atp6 RNA editing was strongly reduced in anthers of the A3Tx398 male sterile line of S. bicolor. atp6 transcripts of wheat and selected plastid transcripts in S. bicolor showed normal RNA editing, indicating that loss of atp6 RNA editing is specific for cytoplasmic male sterility S. bicolor mitochondria. Restoration of fertility in F1 and F2 lines correlated with an increase in RNA editing of atp6 transcripts. Our data suggest that loss of atp6 RNA editing contributes to or causes cytoplasmic male sterility in S. bicolor. Further analysis of the mechanism of cell type-specific loss of atp6 RNA editing activity may advance our understanding of the mechanism of RNA editing.Mitochondria are found in almost all eukaryotes, with the exception of a few parasitic unicellular organisms. Complete sequences of mitochondrial (mt) genomes are now available from a large number of different eukaryotes, including the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (1) and the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana (2). The mt genome of liverwort consists of a single circular molecule (3, 4). In remarkable contrast, the mt genome of A. thaliana is split into several different subcircles (5). A multipartite mt structure due to recombination events was first observed in Brassica campestris (6), and appears to be a general feature of higher plants (7). One of the consequences of recombinational activity in higher plant mitochondria is the generation of chimeric reading frames (crf), e.g., the crf pcf found in petunia (8), orf107 of Sorghum bicolor line IS1112C (9), and T-urf13 found in the T cytoplasm of Zea mays (10-12), which is generated from nonprotein-coding sequences only.Crfs are often associated with cytoplasmic male sterility (cms), a genetic trait that has an important economic relevance for the generation of hybrid seed. cms is characterized by aberrations in microsporogenesis or microgametogenesis that result in microspore abortion in higher plants, and are often inherited through the mitochondria of the maternal cytoplasm. Plants carrying the cms trait show a more or less normal phenotype during vegetative growth, but fail to shed viable pollen.Crfs are usually transcribed and subjected to the mt RNA maturation process. The mechanisms of gene expression in plant mitochondria are extremely complex systems involving site-specific...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell type-specific loss of atp6 RNA editing in cytoplasmic male sterile Sorghum bicolor

Howad

Kempken

1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Although the PPR proteins have only been recognized less than 15 years, it is already clear that this protein family is mainly targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts and has broad essential functions including mitochondrial and chloroplast RNA processing such as translation, RNA editing, RNA splicing, and RNA degradation (Barkan and Goldschmidt-Clermont, 2000;Shikanai, 2006;Wang et al, 2006); embryo development Cushing et al, 2005); plant development (Pring et al, 1995;Aida and Tasaka, 2006); and fertility restoration against cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). CMS often causes the production of flowers with non-functional pollen, and its corresponding nuclear restoration of fertility (Rf) genes can suppress the expression of CMS inducer genes in mitochondria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homology-based cloning and expression analysis of Rf genes encoding PPR-containing proteins in tobacco

Ding

Chen

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. As a model plant, mechanisms of the cytoplasmic male sterility/restoration of fertility (CMS/Rf) system in tobacco are seldom studied. Using Rf gene sequences from other Solanaceae plants and the draft genome of Nicotiana benthamiana, degenerate primers were designed to amplify the cDNA pool of N. tomentosiformis. In total, six possible Rf sequences were identified, two of which contained basedeletion mutations. The other four were intact open reading frames, of which NtomPPR5 harbored a 3-pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motif deletion. Structure analysis revealed that they all encoded a PPRcontaining protein with putative mitochondrial targeting signals at their N-terminus, and they all belong to the P subfamily. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the Rf-coding PPRs clustered together, and recent duplication events might have occurred in tobacco after the divergence of the species. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase Cloning and expression analysis of Rf genes in tobacco chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the NtomRfs were expressed in all tissues of N. tomentosiformis and (CMS) K326, although the expression levels varied with gene, organ, and developmental stage. Furthermore, the expression levels of Rf sequences in K326 were lower than those in CMS K326. The molecular basis of the CMS/Rf system in tobacco requires further investigation.

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“…The type member of the A3 source, ISl112C, includes several unusual characteristics, including linear and circular plasmid DNAs (reviewed in Pring etal., 1995), and distinctive 35S-methionine mitochondrial protein incorporation patterns (Bailey-Serres et al, 1986b). We recently described a chimeric configuration restricted to ISl112C, which includes an open reading frame, orf265/130 (Pring et al, 1995;Tang et aL, 1996). No differences in transcriptional patterns of orf265/130 were apparent between male-fertile and male-sterile lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcript processing internal to a mitochondrial open reading frame is correlated with fertility restoration in male‐sterile sorghum

Tang¹,

et al. 1996

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SummaryA chimeric mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) configuration of the cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) sorghum line ISl112C includes a 321 bp open reading frame designated orfl07, encoding a predicted polypeptide product of 11.85 kDa. The open reading frame, similar to several other genes associated with cms, consists of amino-terminal sequences derived from an obligate gene. Unlike other examples to date, however, the carboxy-terminal sequences are highly similar to the carboxy terminus of an open reading frame implicated in cms of rice, orf79. The amino-terminal 31 residues of orfl07 are 84% similar to atp9, and the carboxy-terminal 49 residues are 57% identical and 80% similar to the carboxy terminus of orf79. Transcripts of off107 are edited, with four C-to-U changes that alter amino acids. Sorghum lines partially or fully restored to fertility exhibit a high-efficiency internal-orfl07 transcript processing activity, precluding abundant wholelength transcripts, while male-sterile lines exhibit only a trace of the activity. Previous data on the abundance of a 12 kDa in organello-synthesized polypeptide in male-sterile versus male-fertile lines are correlated with differential o#107 transcript processing activity of these lines. Examinations of backcross and F 2 lines suggest a gametophytic mode of restoration, and indicate that enhanced transcript processing activity is necessary, but not sufficient, to restore full fertility. These novel observations indicate that mitochondrial open reading frames associated with cms

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Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and Organelle DNAs of Sorghum

Cited by 34 publications

References 117 publications

Cell type-specific loss of atp6 RNA editing in cytoplasmic male sterile Sorghum bicolor

Cell type-specific loss of atp6 RNA editing in cytoplasmic male sterile Sorghum bicolor

Homology-based cloning and expression analysis of Rf genes encoding PPR-containing proteins in tobacco

Transcript processing internal to a mitochondrial open reading frame is correlated with fertility restoration in male‐sterile sorghum

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