Cytonuclear incompatibility contributes to the early stages of speciation

Barnard‐Kubow, Karen B.; So, Nina; Galloway, Laura F.

doi:10.1111/evo.13075

Cited by 57 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(189 reference statements)

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“…These findings indicate that multiple genetic incompatibilities exist between C. americanum 's divergent Mountain lineages even though the lineages co‐occur within a relatively narrow geographic range. Combining these results with those of an earlier range‐wide study (Barnard‐Kubow et al., 2016) demonstrates the existence of four distinct genetic incompatibilities that influence reproductive isolation across the life cycle in C. americanum . Each incompatibility exhibits a different pattern of occurrence and expression across the species range, giving insight into whether these incompatibilities are cytonuclear or nuclear‐nuclear in origin and suggesting they are evolving due to a variety of intrinsic genetic factors and extrinsic environmental factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substantial reductions in survival due to cytonuclear incompatibility were also found between Western and Mountain lineages in the range‐wide study (Barnard‐Kubow et al., 2016). A consistent relationship between reduced survival and chloroplast‐genetic distance with no influence of geographic distance indicates that time since divergence is the primary factor influencing incompatibility, as opposed to extrinsic factors such as local adaptation to differing environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A consistent relationship between reduced survival and chloroplast‐genetic distance with no influence of geographic distance indicates that time since divergence is the primary factor influencing incompatibility, as opposed to extrinsic factors such as local adaptation to differing environments. One intrinsic process driving the evolution of cytonuclear incompatibility in C. americanum could be its rapid rate of plastid genome evolution (Barnard‐Kubow, Sloan, & Galloway, 2014; Barnard‐Kubow et al., 2016). Rapid organelle genome evolution has the potential to facilitate the evolution of cytonuclear incompatibility by leading to accelerated co‐evolution of organelle and nuclear genomes within populations, and thus incompatibility between populations (Barnard‐Kubow et al., 2014, 2016; Burton et al., 2013; Greiner et al., 2011; Hill, 2016; Levin, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This reproductive isolation occurred in both within‐ and between‐clade crosses and was unrelated to geographic or genetic distance, consistent with that found in the range‐wide study (Barnard‐Kubow et al., 2016). This consistent lack of relationship with chloroplast‐genetic or geographic distance, as well as the symmetry of the reproductive isolation suggests a nuclear incompatibility driven primarily by intrinsic factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies had demonstrated substantial RI in intraspecific C. americanum hybrids in the F1 generation (Barnard‐Kubow et al., 2016; Etterson et al., 2007; Galloway & Etterson, 2005). Therefore, performance of F1 hybrids relative to their parental populations was determined by planting and growing F1 seed under controlled conditions and measuring the following traits: germination, survival, number of flowers, pollen viability, and male sterility.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in reproductive isolation across a species range

Barnard‐Kubow

Galloway

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Reproductive isolation is often variable within species, a phenomenon that while largely ignored by speciation studies, can be leveraged to gain insight into the potential mechanisms driving the evolution of genetic incompatibilities. We used experimental greenhouse crosses to characterize patterns of reproductive isolation among three divergent genetic lineages of Campanulastrum americanum that occur in close geographic proximity in the Appalachian Mountains. Substantial, asymmetrical reproductive isolation for survival due to cytonuclear incompatibility was found among the lineages (up to 94% reduction). Moderate reductions in pollen viability, as well as cytoplasmic male sterility, were also found between some Mountain populations. We then compared these results to previously established patterns of reproductive isolation between these Mountain lineages and a fourth, widespread Western lineage to fully characterize reproductive isolation across the complete geographic and genetic range of C. americanum. Reproductive isolation for survival and pollen viability was consistent across studies, indicating the evolution of the underlying genetic incompatibilities is primarily determined by intrinsic factors. In contrast, reproductive isolation for germination was only found when crossing Mountain populations with the Western lineage, suggesting the underlying genetic incompatibility is likely influenced by environmental or demographic differences between the two lineages. Cytoplasmic male sterility was also limited in occurrence, being restricted to a handful of Mountain populations in a narrow geographic range. These findings illustrate the complexity of speciation by demonstrating multiple, independent genetic incompatibilities that lead to a mosaic of genetic divergence and reproductive isolation across a species range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Variation in reproductive isolation across a species range

Barnard‐Kubow

Galloway

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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When One Genome Is Not Enough: Organellar Heteroplasmy in Plants

Ramsey

Mandel

2019

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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Heteroplasmy occurs when copies of an organellar genome (plastid or mitochondrial) differ from one another either within a cell or among cells within an individual. This phenomenon was first discovered in plastids over 100 years ago, though ‘heteroplasmy’ was not formally defined until decades later. Mitochondrial and plastid heteroplasmy have since been discovered in diverse taxa, including numerous plants, particularly those with the gynodioecious breeding system. Though heteroplasmy can arise through mutations in organellar genomes, biparental inheritance of organelles often generates heteroplasmy. This article is intended to summarise the cytoploid nature of organellar genomes and different aspects of mitochondrial and plastid heteroplasmy, from its discovery, to the development of detection methods. We will also discuss the effects of heteroplasmy on individuals, populations, and species, with regard to fitness, cytonuclear interactions, and genome evolution. Finally, we highlight a few research questions which we consider in need of further investigation to understand the prevalence and effects of heteroplasmy in natural settings.

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