Cytomorphology of notochordal and chondrocytic cells from the nucleus pulposus: a species comparison

Hunter, Christopher; Matyas, John R.; Duncan, Neil A.

doi:10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00352.x

Cited by 245 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Notochordal cells (NC) are remnant cells originating from the notochord present in all chordates in early embryogenesis and these cells are located in the center of the intervertebral disc [6,17,20,37]. With ageing, these presumably progenitor-like cells disappear in some species and in other species they persist up to adulthood [5,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strikingly, these cells co-exist with nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) at different ratios among different vertebrate species [28]. Rodents (rats and mice) and lagomorphs (e.g., rabbits) maintain a high number of NC cells throughout their lifetime, whereas in other animals such as bovine, goat, and sheep these cells disappear early in lifetime [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evolutionary importance of cell ratio between notochordal and nucleus pulposus cells: an experimental 3-D co-culture study

Gantenbein

Chan

2011

Eur Spine J

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Introduction Notochordal cells and nucleus pulposus cells are co-existing in the intervertebral disc at various ratios among different mammalians. This fact rises the question about the interactions and the evolutionary relevance of this phenomenon. It has been described that these relatively large notochordal cells are mainly dominant in early lifetime of all vertebrates and then differences occur with ageing. Human, cattle, sheep, and goat lose the cells with age, whereas rodents and lagomorphs maintain these throughout their lifetime. Materials and methods Here, we addressed the importance of cell ratio using alginate bead 3-D co-culture of bovine nucleus pulposus cells (bNPC) and porcine notochordal cells (pNCs) for 14 days using culture inserts. Result We found a significant stimulation of bNPC in the presence of pNC in terms of cell activity and glycosaminoglycan production, but not for proliferation (DNA content). Relative gene expression was significantly stimulated for collagen type 2 and aggrecan. Conclusion The stimulating effect of NC was confirmed and the ideal ratio of NPC: NC was found to be *50:50. This has direct implications for tissue-engineering approaches, which aim to repopulate discs with NP-like precursor cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolutionary importance of cell ratio between notochordal and nucleus pulposus cells: an experimental 3-D co-culture study

Gantenbein

Chan

2011

Eur Spine J

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“…The rat lumbar intervertebral disc was selected as our model, as there exist many biomechanical, biochemical, cellular, and geometric similarities to the human lumbar disc. [28][29][30][31] Additionally, rats are easily age and weight matched, increasing the likelihood of all discs having similar initial properties. The rat lumbar spine has also been shown to be an appropriate environment for a controlled chemical alteration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleus pulposus glycosaminoglycan content is correlated with axial mechanics in rat lumbar motion segments

et al. 2006

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The unique biochemical composition and structure of the intervertebral disc allow it to support load, permit motion, and dissipate energy. With degeneration, both the biochemical composition and mechanical behavior of the disc are drastically altered, yet quantitative relationships between the biochemical changes and overall motion segment mechanics are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of nucleus pulposus glycosaminoglycan content, which decreases with degeneration, to mechanical function of a rat lumbar spine motion segment in axial loading. Motion segments were treated with varying doses of Chondroitinase-ABC (to degrade glycosaminoglycans) and loaded in axial cyclic compression-tension, followed by compressive creep. Nucleus glycosaminoglycan content was significantly correlated ( p < 0.05) with neutral zone mechanical behavior, which occurs in low load transition between tension and compression (stiffness: r ¼ 0.59; displacement: r ¼ À0.59), and with creep behavior (viscous parameter h 1 : r ¼ 0.34; short time constant t 1 : r ¼ 0.46). These results indicate that moderate decreases in nucleus glycosaminoglycan content consistent with early human degeneration affect overall mechanical function of the disc. These decreases may expose the disc to altered internal stress and strain patterns, thus contributing through mechanical or biological mechanisms to the degenerative cascade. ß

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“…It is supported by the osseous part of the endplate of the vertebral bodies to which the AF collagen fibres are anchored. As the IVD matures, the large cytoplasmic vesicle-rich notochordal cells inside the NP are replaced by the smaller chondrocyte-like cells, EM Schutgens et al Biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration possibly by transdifferentiation (Hunter et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2009;McCann et al, 2012;Purmessur et al, 2013). In addition, NP progenitor cells have been identified with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like marker expression and multipotency, also in the degenerate IVD (Risbud et al, 2007;Sakai et al, 2012).…”

Section: The Healthy Ivd: Functional Characteristics and Relation To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration: past performance and possible future strategies

Schutgens¹,

Tryfonidou²,

Smit³

et al. 2015

eCM

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Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with most cases of cervical and lumbar spine pathologies, amongst which chronic low back pain has become the number one cause of loss of quality-adjusted life years. In search of alternatives to the current less than optimal and usually highly invasive treatments, regenerative strategies are being devised, none of which has reached clinical practice as yet. Strategies include the use of stem cells, gene therapy, growth factors and biomaterial carriers. Biomaterial carriers are an important component in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine techniques. Several biomaterials, both from natural and synthetic origin, have been used for regeneration of the IVD in vitro and in vivo. Aspects such as ease of use, mechanical properties, regenerative capacity, and their applicability as carriers for regenerative and anti-degenerative factors determine their suitability for IVD regeneration. The current review provides an overview of the biomaterials used with respect to these properties, including their drawbacks. In addition, as biomaterial application until now appears to have been based on a mix of mere availability and intuition, a more rational design is proposed for future use of biomaterials for IVD regeneration. Ideally, high-throughput screening is used to identify optimally effective materials, or alternatively medium content comparative studies should be carried out to determine an appropriate reference material for future studies on novel materials.

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Cytomorphology of notochordal and chondrocytic cells from the nucleus pulposus: a species comparison

Cited by 245 publications

References 35 publications

The evolutionary importance of cell ratio between notochordal and nucleus pulposus cells: an experimental 3-D co-culture study

The evolutionary importance of cell ratio between notochordal and nucleus pulposus cells: an experimental 3-D co-culture study

Nucleus pulposus glycosaminoglycan content is correlated with axial mechanics in rat lumbar motion segments

Biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration: past performance and possible future strategies

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