Cytomorphologic differentiation of benign and malignant mammary tumors in fine needle aspirate specimens from irradiated female Sprague–Dawley rats

Karim, Baktiar O.; Ali, Syed Z.; Landolfi, Jennifer A.; Mann, Jill F.; Liu, Guosheng; Christian, Archie; Dicello, J. F.; Rosenthal, Dorothy L.; Huso, David L.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2008.00030.x

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Our results demonstrated useful and reliable criteria in differentiating benign from malignant mammary tumors, such as cell dissociation, nuclear size, cell uniformity, nucleoli, nuclear margin, chromatin pattern, cellularity, presence of necrotic debris, inflammation, and RBC. This finding was in line with previous published studies in veterinary and human medicine [ 8 , 21 , 22 , 25 ]. In contrast, Yildirim and Gurel [ 25 ] demonstrated that inflammatory cells, including macrophages and necrotic debris, were not distinctive in making a differentiation between benign and malignant CMTs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The results concerning the presence of ECM corroborate the findings of other authors and support the opinion that the cytological diagnosis of complex/mixed tumors is more challenging and difficult [ 6 , 21 , 37 ]. However, some studies have reported that the mucosecretory material was much more frequent in the malignant compared to the benign mammary tumors [ 6 , 22 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic efficacy of smear cytology and Robinson’s cytological grading of canine mammary tumors with respect to histopathology, cytomorphometry, metastases and overall survival

et al. 2018

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Cytology is a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method used for pre-operative diagnosis of canine mammary tumors (CMTs) in veterinary practice. Studies related to human breast cancer showed the Robinson’s grading system—established for invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified (IDC, NOS) and used on cytological material—to not only closely correspond to the histopathological grading but also be helpful in assessing prognosis and selecting most suitable treatments before surgery. The objectives of this study were: to evaluate the accuracy of cytological diagnosis and cytological Robinson’s grading system compared to the histopathological examination of CMTs; to compare of cytological features and cytomorphometric parameters with tumor behavior, as well as cytological and histological grading; and to determine an association of the Robinson’s grading system and cytological background details with metastases, and patients’ survival. We report substantial diagnostic accuracy in detecting simple types and high grade tumors. Cytological diagnosis of tumor behavior showed relatively low sensitivity and specificity compared to human studies, and this might be caused by the heterogeneous morphology of CMTs. The presence of mucosecretory material and extracellular matrix was not significantly associated with tumor behavior. We report a positive correlation between both grading systems and cytological features (included in Robinson’s grading), the presence of necrotic debris, inflammation, and red blood cells. A negative correlation was determined only for the presence of extracellular matrix. The univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed a significantly higher risk of developing metastasis and shorter overall survival for dogs with tumors of grade 2 or 3 on cytology. In addition, these tumors were the most common cause of CMT-related deaths in dogs. Taken together, our findings suggest that the Robinson’s method of cytological grading applied for malignant CMTs evaluated in cytological smears regardless of tumor type can be adapted to veterinary cytology. Additionally, some background features seem to aid malignancy assessment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic efficacy of smear cytology and Robinson’s cytological grading of canine mammary tumors with respect to histopathology, cytomorphometry, metastases and overall survival

et al. 2018

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“…Most false positive results were related to the presence of atypical single epithelial cells in fibroadenomas, and some false negative were solid carcinomas by histologic examination. The low cellularity and clean background led to misdiagnosis of the solid carcinomas as benign rather than malignant [52]. In addition, care must be taken when squamous cells are seen on FNA, while a broad differential diagnosis should be considered [58].…”

Section: Sensitivity and False Positive Or Negative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the breast is becoming an increasingly important diagnostic tool in the assessment of breast malignancies and their further subtyping with a high degree of accuracy [50,51]. It has been shown to be rapid, minimally invasive and safe diagnostic procedure in pregnancy and lactation, indicating suspicious or malignant findings in 95% of lesions [48,[50][51][52]. ThinPrep Papanicolaou test is considered to be a trusted and widely used technique, much easier and faster as procedure.…”

Section: Fine Needle Aspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC): Aspects in diagnosis

Kakoulidis¹,

Σκάγιας²,

Politi³

2015

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Diagnosis of a clinical entity like pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC) is as demanding and challenging as its rarity. Increasing incidence and controversy that exists in the literature upon prognosis, tumor aggressiveness and underlying mechanisms, highlight the importance of optimizing the diagnostic strategy in women with PABC. Adjustment of standard approach for breast cancer by modifying management methods and options plays key role in decision making. Knowledge of diagnostic modalities and their limitations, in accordance with awareness of physiologic hormone-induced changes of pregnancy and lactation, is the fundamental method of diagnosis in PABC. Thorough triple assessment (history/clinical examination, imaging and cytology/histology) enforces healthcare providers with all essential tools to avoid detrimental delay in diagnosis and to confront with their own hesitation to take action due to limited experience of the disease.

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“…Grades of malignancy determined using the Kiel classification and the working formulation have been found to be prognostic factors for time to relapse and survival time . Our rubric was developed based partly on the Kiel classification and also on other published cytology scoring rubrics that have been used in studies on human hepatocellular carcinoma and mammary tumors of rats . To our knowledge, our study is the 1 st to use a scoring rubric to evaluate cytologic samples of canine lymphoma at diagnosis and at relapse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of lymph node aspirates at diagnosis and relapse in dogs with high‐grade multicentric lymphoma and comparison with survival time

Munasinghe

Kidney

MacDonald-Dickinson

et al. 2015

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Cytomorphologic differentiation of benign and malignant mammary tumors in fine needle aspirate specimens from irradiated female Sprague–Dawley rats

Abstract: FNA is an accurate method for differentiating benign and malignant rat mammary tumors.

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Diagnostic efficacy of smear cytology and Robinson’s cytological grading of canine mammary tumors with respect to histopathology, cytomorphometry, metastases and overall survival

Diagnostic efficacy of smear cytology and Robinson’s cytological grading of canine mammary tumors with respect to histopathology, cytomorphometry, metastases and overall survival

Pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC): Aspects in diagnosis

Evaluation of lymph node aspirates at diagnosis and relapse in dogs with high‐grade multicentric lymphoma and comparison with survival time

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