Cytomegalovirus shedding from breastmilk and mucosal sites in healthy postpartum women: A pilot study

Azenkot, Tali; Zaniello, Benjamin; Green, Margaret L.; Selke, Stacy; Huang, Meei‐Li; Magaret, Amalia; Wald, Anna; Johnston, Christine

doi:10.1002/jmv.25386

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, these mothers showed serological characteristics of a latent HCMV infection with high HCMV-IgG levels and high IgG-avidity and lack of IgM detection. Azenkot et al [41] found positive samples in a minority of vaginal secretions (three of nine mothers) and saliva (two of nine) but without viral DNAemia detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Human Cytomegalovirus Reactivation During Lactation: Impact of Antibody Kinetics and Neutralization in Blood and Breast Milk

Lazar¹,

Rabe²,

Goelz

et al. 2020

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is shed into breast milk in nearly every seropositive woman during lactation. This reactivation shows mostly a self-limited, unimodal course. The dynamics and functional role of HCMV-specific-IgG in breast milk and in plasma during reactivation are unknown. Milk whey viral loads were monitored with real-time PCR in 18 HCMV-seropositive mothers over two months postpartum. HCMV-antibody binding assays (ECLIA) and antigen-specific immunoblotting were performed from plasma and corresponding milk samples. Epithelial-cell-specific neutralization was used to analyze functional antibodies in plasma- and whey-pools. Viral loads in milk whey showed unimodal courses in 15 of 18 mothers with peak viral loads around one month postpartum. HCMV-specific-IgG-antibodies increased significantly in plasma and milk whey during reactivation. The mean levels of plasma IgG were about 275-fold higher than in whey. Only antibodies against tegument protein p150 were continuously expressed in both compartments. Anti-glycoprotein-B1 IgG-antibodies were variably expressed in whey, but continuously in plasma. Neutralization assays showed 40-fold higher NT-50 values in plasma compared to whey at two months postpartum. During reactivation, HCMV-specific-IgG reactivities and neutralizing capacities are much lower in whey than in plasma. Therefore, their specific role in the decrease and discontinuation of virus-shedding in milk remains unclear.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Human Cytomegalovirus Reactivation During Lactation: Impact of Antibody Kinetics and Neutralization in Blood and Breast Milk

Lazar¹,

Rabe²,

Goelz

et al. 2020

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Concerns about false positive results with these samples have been raised because virus transmission during breastfeeding may occur. Several articles reported the excretion of this virus in the breast milk of healthy women [ 22 , 23 ]. To prevent these false-positive during screening programs an approach would be to instruct health professionals to collect the sample before the first breastfeeding, although this is not always possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva pools for screening of human cytomegalovirus using real-time PCR

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading congenital infection agent in the world. The importance of screening this infection has been debated, as 10–15% of the asymptomatic newborns with HCMV at birth will present late sequelae. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of using saliva pools from newborns in a screening program for congenital HCMV infection, in two Portuguese hospitals. The screening was based on the use of pools of 10 saliva samples for detection of viral DNA by real-time PCR. Whenever there was a positive pool, the samples were tested individually, and for each positive sample the result was confirmed with a urine sample collected in the first 2 weeks of life. The study involved 1492 newborns. One hundred and fifty pools were screened, with 14 positive results in saliva, but only 10 were confirmed in urine samples, giving a prevalence of congenital HCMV infection in both hospitals of 0.67% (CI95% 0.36 to 1.23%). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of congenital HCMV infection in both hospitals was 0.67%. The use of saliva pools proved to be effective for the screening of this congenital infection, allowing timely screening and confirmation in a large population, with associated cost reduction. What is Known:• Newborn screening for HCMV is desirable.• Saliva is a good and practical sample. What is New:• The feasibility of using saliva pools for a large-scale screening.• The cost reduction of this strategy.

show abstract

“…Systemic spread of the pathogen then may lead to secondary lung infection. In addition to transplacental infection in utero (congenital), newborns are at increased risk for perinatal infection via exposure to secretions in the birth canal or ingestion of virus-containing breast milk [24]. Interestingly, neonates and infants exhibit protracted shedding of virus in urine and saliva [25].…”

Section: Clinical Problem—hcmv Pneumonitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Pneumonitis: Cell Tropism, Inflammation, and Immunity

Brito

Brune

Stahl

2019

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an opportunistic pathogen causing disease mainly in immunocompromised patients or after congenital infection. HCMV infection of the respiratory tract leads to pneumonitis in the immunocompromised host, which is often associated with a bad clinical course. The related mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) likewise exhibits a distinct tropism for the lung and thus provides an elegant model to study host-pathogen interaction. Accordingly, fundamental features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis have been discovered in mice that correlate with clinical data obtained from humans. Recent studies have provided insight into MCMV cell tropism and localized inflammation after infection of the respiratory tract. Accordingly, the nodular inflammatory focus (NIF) has been identified as the anatomical correlate of immune control in lungs. Several hematopoietic cells involved in antiviral immunity reside in NIFs and their key effector molecules have been deciphered. Here, we review what has been learned from the mouse model with focus on the microanatomy of infection sites and antiviral immunity in MCMV pneumonitis.

show abstract

Cytomegalovirus shedding from breastmilk and mucosal sites in healthy postpartum women: A pilot study

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Human Cytomegalovirus Reactivation During Lactation: Impact of Antibody Kinetics and Neutralization in Blood and Breast Milk

Human Cytomegalovirus Reactivation During Lactation: Impact of Antibody Kinetics and Neutralization in Blood and Breast Milk

Saliva pools for screening of human cytomegalovirus using real-time PCR

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Pneumonitis: Cell Tropism, Inflammation, and Immunity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About