Cytomegalovirus infection in day care centers in Rome, Italy: Viral excretion in children and occupational risk among workers

Volpi, Antonio; Pica, Francesca; Cauletti, M.; Pană, Adrian; Rocchi, Giulia

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890260203

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Women who were born in countries where CMV seroprevalence is high at young ages (for instance, parts of Africa,'9 South America,20 Asia,21 and southern Europe22 23) had rates of seroprevalence which probably reflected their acquisition of infection in infancy and childhood. Similar observations have been made in other studies carried out among ethnically diverse populations.2427…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus prevalence in pregnant women: the influence of parity.

Tookey

Ades

1992

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Over 20 000 women attending for antenatal care at three London hospitals were prospectively studied to determine the prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies; 54-40/ of these women were CMV seropositive. Ethnic group was strongly associated with CMV status: 45*9%/e of white women were seropositive, 88-2% ofAsian, and 77*2% ofblack women (African/Caribbean ethnic origin). Among 12 159 white women born in the British Isles, seropositivity was independently associated with increasing parity, older age, lower social class, and being single at antenatal booking. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that, in the UK, child to mother transmission of infection plays a significant part in the acquisition of CMV infection in adult life.depend on a number of factors relating to breastfeeding, sexual and child rearing practices, which vary considerably between countries and social and ethnic groups. The relative importance of different modes of transmission of CMV in the UK is unknown, although there is some anxiety about the possibility of occupational risk for women working with young children.'0 The present analysis is based on data collected as part of a large prospective study of CMV infection in pregnancy carried out in west London between 1980 and 1986. The main aims of the study were to examine the CMV serological status of women booking for antenatal care, estimate the incidence of congenital CMV infection, and investigate its long term sequelae. This paper explores the independent effects of social class, marital status, age, and parity on maternal seroprevalence at antenatal booking. Subjects and methods All women booking for antenatal care at three west London hospitals were eligible for enrolment in the study, which continued for one year at the first hospital, two years at the second, and six and a half years at the third. Details of maternal age, parity, marital status, country of birth, race, and both maternal and paternal occupation were collected by interview at the first antenatal appointment, together with a blood sample to establish CMV serological status. Sera were tested for CMV antibodies by complement fixation, and detection of specific antibody at a dilution of 1:10 was taken to indicate past CMV infection. While this assay may be less sensitive than others now available, it is acceptable for epidemiological purposes; any slight inaccuracy in the overall estimation of seroprevalence will not affect the internal comparison of results presented here. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is common worldAnalysis of the whole dataset was carried out using SAS." A grouped binomial relative risk regression'2 was performed on a subset of the data, white women bom in the British Isles, to explore the independent roles of parity, marital status, social class, and age. Women were assigned to five parity groups, ranging from those who had no previous children to those who had four or more.Two marital status groups were defined: one comprising women who were married or cohabiting at the time they boo...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus prevalence in pregnant women: the influence of parity.

Tookey

Ades

1992

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…To reduce sampling variability, we only included countries that had at least 500 women tested. Studies were from Australia [44], Belgium [45][46][47], Brazil [48,49], Canada [25,[50][51][52], Chile [53,54], England [23,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61], Finland [62], France [63][64][65][66], Germany [67,68], Ghana [69], India [70][71][72], Israel [73,74], Italy [75][76][77], Japan [35,37,78,79], Scotland [80], South Africa [27], Spain [43], Sweden [38], Taiwan [39,81], Turkey [82][83][84] and the United States …”

Section: Race/ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection

Cannon¹,

Schmid²,

Hyde³

2010

Reviews in Medical Virology

1,221

928

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Cytomegalovirus establishes a lifelong latent infection following primary infection that can periodically reactivate with shedding of infectious virus. Primary infection, reactivation and reinfection during pregnancy can all lead to in utero transmission to the developing fetus. Congenital CMV infections are a major cause of permanent hearing loss and neurological impairment. In this literature review, we found that CMV infection was relatively common among women of reproductive age, with seroprevalence ranging from 45 to 100%. CMV seroprevalence tended to be highest in South America, Africa and Asia and lowest in Western Europe and United States. Within the United States, CMV seroprevalence showed substantial geographic variation as well, differing by as much as 30 percentage points between states, though differences might be explained by variation in the types of populations sampled. Worldwide, seroprevalence among non-whites tended to be 20-30 percentage points higher than that of whites (summary prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.57-1.61). Females generally had higher seroprevalences than males, although in most studies the differences were small (summary PR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.11-1.14). Persons of lower socioeconomic status were more likely to be CMV seropositive (summary PR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.32-1.35). Despite high seroprevalences in some populations, a substantial percentage of women of reproductive age are CMV seronegative and thus at risk of primary CMV infection during pregnancy. Future vaccine or educational campaigns to prevent primary infection in pregnant women may need to be tailored to suit the needs of different populations.

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“…Similarly, Murph and Bale found that CMV excretors were significantly younger at first DCC attendance than the non‐excretors (5.3 ± 8.5 months versus 12.7 ± 14.8 months; P = 0.017). Five studies found no significant relationship between age of first day care attendance and rate of CMV excretion …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Twelve studies explored the age‐related prevalence of CMV excretion among children attending DCCs and identified viral excretion occurring most frequently in children under the age of 24 months. Two studies documented the viral excretion occurred most frequently in children under 12 months, while nine studies reported it occurred most frequently during the second year of life . Two other studies noted viral excretion occurred most frequently at age three, and between 4 and 7 years age .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytomegalovirus infection in day care centres: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prevalence of infection in children

Zheng

Huynh

Zuylen

et al. 2018

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Summary Maternofetal transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common infectious cause of congenital malformation in developed countries. Maternal infection often results from close contact with infected children, and this may occur in day care centres (DCCs). A systematic review of observational studies was conducted to examine the prevalence of CMV infection among children attending DCCs. Meta‐analysis using the random effect model was performed for studies including controls. Sources included PubMed, EMBASE (until August 2018), and references from identified publications. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting CMV infection prevalence among childcare children aged less than 7 years of age. Controls were children without childcare exposure. CMV infection was defined as viral excretion detected by culture, polymerase chain reaction, or CMV seropositivity. Twenty‐eight publications including 8347 participants met the eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of CMV infection among children in childcare from all studies was 32% (95% CI 23‐41). Within case‐controlled studies, prevalence among children attending DCCs was 34% (95% CI 25‐44), whereas prevalence among those without childcare exposure was 22% (95% CI 15‐30). Meta‐analysis showed a significant association between DCC attendance and CMV infection (odds ratio 2.69, 95% CI 1.68‐4.30; heterogeneity χ2/df = 8; I2 = 84%, P < 0.00001). Attendance at DCCs is significantly associated with increased risk of childhood CMV infection. Prevention strategies to reduce risk of CMV infection of pregnant women and children should involve review of DCC exposure and consideration of preventative hygiene strategies.

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Cytomegalovirus infection in day care centers in Rome, Italy: Viral excretion in children and occupational risk among workers

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Cytomegalovirus prevalence in pregnant women: the influence of parity.

Cytomegalovirus prevalence in pregnant women: the influence of parity.

Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection

Cytomegalovirus infection in day care centres: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prevalence of infection in children

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