Cytomegalovirus Infection

Plosa, Erin J.; Esbenshade, Jennifer C.; Fuller, M. Paige; Weitkamp, Jörn-Hendrik

doi:10.1542/pir.33-4-156

Cited by 71 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…CI was defined as the detection of the virus in the saliva by cell culture during the first three weeks of life, whereas PI was defined as the first detection of the virus in saliva cultures and confirmed by PCR three weeks after birth [22]. Symptomatic CI was considered, in the clinical setting, to include a CMVpositive saliva culture during the first three weeks of life accompanied by CNS, retinal or auditory findings, microcephaly, growth restriction, hepatosplenomegaly, chorioretinitis, jaundice, petechiae, hearing impairment, thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinaemia, or/and anemia.…”

Section: Definitions Of Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and gB genotyping of CMV in Mexican preterm infants in the context of maternal seropositivity

Arellano‐Galindo

Villanueva-García

Cruz-Ramirez

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Congenital (CI) and perinatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections (PI) can be linked to maternal CMV seropositivity, with fatal consequences in preterm newborns. GB genotyping has been used to analyze genotypic similarity in mothers and infants. The frequency of CMV infection in the context of maternal seropositivity and the viral gB genotypes as well as the genotypic similarity in mothers and preterm infants were investigated. Methodology: Saliva samples and dry blood spots (DBS) were taken weekly from preterm newborns from birth until the first month of life, and breast milk samples were taken from their mothers weekly during the first month of lactation. CMV IgG seroprevalence of the mothers and CI or PI in the infants were established. The gB status and genotypic similarities were established retrospectively in DBS and in the breast milk samples. Results: In total, 387 neonates and 375 mothers were enrolled. The maternal CMV-positive IgG serology was 97.3% (365/375). Neonatal CMV was found in 5.1% (20/387) of newborns, and one infant presented with CMV-compatible symptoms. CI was 2.5% and PI in the first month after birth was 11.8%. GB2 was the most prevalent genotype and was also the genotype preferentially transmitted to newborns by mothers with mixed infections. Conclusions: CMV PI and CI in preterm infants from highly seropositive mothers was high, but the rate of symptomatic infection was low. The prevalent genotype was gB2, and this genotype was preferentially transmitted to newborns by mothers with mixed infections.

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Section: Definitions Of Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and gB genotyping of CMV in Mexican preterm infants in the context of maternal seropositivity

Arellano‐Galindo

Villanueva-García

Cruz-Ramirez

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Other sequelae that may be evident only after the neonatal period can include chorioretinitis, neurodevelopmental delay with mental or motor impairment, and microcephaly. Congenital CMV infection is confirmed by detection of the virus in urine, blood, or saliva within the first 3 weeks of life by culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [114].…”

Section: Cytomegalovirus Infection (Cmv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Serum Copper and Iron in Children with Chronic Liver Diseases

Ibrahim¹

2013

Anat Physiol

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Trace elements have a major role as both oxidants and antioxidants, promoting and protecting from tissue damage respectively. As the liver has a pivotal role in trace elements metabolism and consequenyly their bioavailability, we aimed to measure serum levels of essential trace elements in children with chronic liver diseases (CLDs) regardless the etiology and to study their correlation with liver function tests. Serum zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe); together with other trace elements parameters; were measured in 50 children with CLDs using spectrophotometry and their levels were compared with those age and sex matched healthy children as controls. Serum Cu, Fe, ferritin and transferrin saturation (TS) were significantly higher in the CLDs group than that in the control group; while serum Zn and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were significantly lower in the CLDs than that in the control group. Serum Fe, Cu, TS and ferritin were positively correlated with biochemical parameters of liver damage; while serum Zn and TIBC were negatively correlated with biochemical parameters of liver damage. These results encourage inclusion of serum Zn, Cu and Fe as biomarkers for monitoring the severity of liver damage during routine assessment of children with CLDs. We recommended caution to avoid excess Fe and Cu intake in children with CLDs. Moreover, Zn supplementation could be encouraged in children with CLDs regardless its etiology.

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“…As approximately two thirds of congenital CMV transmissions occur in CMV-seropositive women, the incidence of congenital CMV infection is high in populations of low socioeconomic status and high CMV-seroprevalence, averaging 1.2% in comparison to the worldwide incidence rate of 0.7% [10]. In the U.S., where CMV seroprevalence is close to 50% in women of childbearing age, there is an increase in the number of primary maternal CMV infections during pregnancy, and as a result more severe infant outcomes [12]. Mortality in infants due to congenital CMV infection ranges from 100–200 in the U.S. each year [13].…”

Section: World Wide/regional Incidence and Mortality Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Cytomegalovirus and Varicella Zoster Virus Infections

Bialas

Swamy

Permar

2015

Clinics in Perinatology

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Mother-to-child transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) can lead to severe birth defects and neurologic impairment of infants. Congenital CMV is the most common congenital infection and the leading infectious cause of infant hearing loss and neurologic deficits, complicating up to 1% of all pregnancies globally. While antiviral treatment of congenitally CMV-infected infants can ameliorate the CMV-associated hearing loss and developmental delay, interventions to prevent congenital CMV infection and the associated neurologic impairments are still being evaluated. Moreover, an effective CMV vaccine to protect mothers against CMV acquisition during pregnancy is urgently needed to reduce the sizeable health and economic burden of this disease. In contrast, congenital VZV infection is rare, attributable to the availability of an effective VZV vaccine, high rates of preexisting VZV immunity prior to pregnancy, and poorly efficient in utero VZV transmission. Moreover, passive immunization of exposed pregnant women or infants with VZV hyperimmune globulin can prevent severe disease in those that do not have prior immunity. Active and passive immunization strategies to prevent perinatal CMV infection with similar efficacy to those established to prevent perinatal VZV infections are a critical need in pediatric health.

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Cytomegalovirus Infection

Cited by 71 publications

References 11 publications

Detection and gB genotyping of CMV in Mexican preterm infants in the context of maternal seropositivity

Detection and gB genotyping of CMV in Mexican preterm infants in the context of maternal seropositivity

Study of Serum Copper and Iron in Children with Chronic Liver Diseases

Perinatal Cytomegalovirus and Varicella Zoster Virus Infections

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