Cytology of Parthenogenesis in<i>Bacillus whitei</i>and<i>Bacillus lynceorum</i>(Insecta Phasmatodea)

Marescalchi, Ombretta; Lp, Pijnacker; Scali, [No Value]

doi:10.1080/07924259.1991.9672180

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Their prophase oocytes bypass the zygotene stage and undergo an intrameiotic extra-doubling of DNA, leading to the somatic number of four-stranded chromosomes (tetrapachytene); these divide twice and mimick a cytologically normal meiosis (Pijnacker, 1966;Pijnacker and Ferwerda, 1978;Marescalchi et al, 1991). In the tetrapachytene stage of C. morosus and S. sipylus, genetically ineffective crossovers between sister chromatids take place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

New DAPI and fish findings on egg maturation processes in related hybridogenetic and parthenogenetic Bacillus hybrids (insecta, phasmatodea)

Marescalchi¹,

Scali²

2001

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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Bacillus stick insects have proved adequate for studying a wide array of reproductive modes: sexual, parthenogenetic, hybridogenetic, androgenetic. Hybridogenetic strains (B. rossius-grandii) were thought to discard the paternal "grandii" haploset during first meiotic division and keep the "rossius" hemiclone, whereas the clonal B. whitei (=rossius/grandii) would maintain its hybrid structure by fusing back two nonsister nuclei-each derived from previously segregated heterospecific complements-by the end of the 2(nd) meiotic division. New investigations on laid eggs and ovariole squashes, either DAPI stained or FISH labeled, revealed that in hybridogens the "grandii" set is excluded from the germ line prior to meiosis and that a DNA extra-synthesis should occur to produce hemiclonal eggs after two cytologically normal meiotic divisions. On the other hand, in B. whitei eggs no genome segregation appears to occur and an intrameiotic DNA extra-synthesis must take place to produce 2n tetrachromatidic oocytes I; these divide twice and give unreduced clonal eggs. The new findings bring hybridogenetic oogenesis of Bacillus to be coincident with that of the known hemiclonal organisms and point to an independent onset of B. whitei from hemiclonal strains. In addition, B. whitei gains a closer resemblance to B. lynceorum owing to the sharing of a cytologically identical egg maturation mechanism, of the same maternal ancestor and of peculiar chromosomal features. It is here suggested that B. lynceorum originated from the incorporation of an "atticus" genome into a B. whitei egg, according to a pathway of repeated hybridization often occurred with other polyploid hybrids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

New DAPI and fish findings on egg maturation processes in related hybridogenetic and parthenogenetic Bacillus hybrids (insecta, phasmatodea)

Marescalchi¹,

Scali²

2001

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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“…‘central fusion’, e.g. in the stick insect Bacillus whitei : Morescalchi, Pijnacker & Scali, 1991; and the ant Cataglyphis cursor : Pearcy, Hardy & Aron, 2006). In the case of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina , egg maturation is stopped at anaphase of the second maturation division and the two haploid sets of chromosomes reunite, and thus recover diploidy (Barigozzi, 1943).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automictic parthenogenesis of a geographically parthenogenetic mayfly, Ephoron shigae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)

Sekiné¹,

Tojo²

2009

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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In the geographically parthenogenetic mayfly, Ephoron shigae, egg maturation and counts of chromosome number of unfertilized, parthenogenetic eggs were studied, in comparison with fertilized eggs from a bisexual population. The primary oocyte becomes mature through two successive maturation divisions. The first maturation division (meiotic division) takes place in the primary oocyte to produce a secondary oocyte and a first polar body. The second maturation division soon occurs in the secondary oocyte, in which the nucleus is divided into a mature egg nucleus (female pronucleus) and second polar body nuclei. The first polar body, in some cases, was successively divided into two polar bodies; in other instances, it was not divided. After the successive maturation division, the egg nucleus and the sister second polar body nucleus drew near to fuse into the zygote nucleus. The chromosome number was doubled in the zygote, and this conjugation initiates subsequent embryonic development. This suggests that, in E. shigae, the process of parthenogenetic recovery of diploidy is the automictic type categorized as the 'terminal fusion' pattern.

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“…In the sawfly, Pristiphora pallipes, and the stick insect, Bacillus whitei, the oocyte nuclei becomes haploid through the maturation division. Diploidy is recovered by the fusion between the egg nucleus and the sister second polar body nucleus, both derived from the secondary oocyte in P. pallipes (Comrie, 1938), and by fusion of the egg nucleus with one of the nonsister nuclei derived from the first polar body in B. whitei (Marescalchi et al, 1991). In the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, egg maturation is stopped at anaphase of the second maturation division and the two haploid sets of the chromosomes reunite, recovering diploidy (Barigozzi, 1944).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some of these animals, even the processes and mechanisms of egg maturation and parthenogenetic recovery of chromosome number prior to the start of embryonic development have been studied, e.g., in sawflies (Comrie, 1938), in brine shrimp (Barigozzi, 1944), in moths (Narbel-Hofstetter, 1950), in some lumbricid earthworms (Muldal, 1952), in some Cnemidophorus lizards (Cole, 1984), in a stick insect (Marescalchi et al, 1991), and in grasshoppers (Pardo et al, 1995). Thelytokous parthenogenesis has also been reported in scorpions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Egg maturation and parthenogenetic recovery of diploidy in the scorpionLiocheles australasiae (Fabricius) (Scorpions, Ischnuridae)

et al. 2000

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Cytology of Parthenogenesis inBacillus whiteiandBacillus lynceorum(Insecta Phasmatodea)

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

New DAPI and fish findings on egg maturation processes in related hybridogenetic and parthenogenetic Bacillus hybrids (insecta, phasmatodea)

New DAPI and fish findings on egg maturation processes in related hybridogenetic and parthenogenetic Bacillus hybrids (insecta, phasmatodea)

Automictic parthenogenesis of a geographically parthenogenetic mayfly, Ephoron shigae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)

Egg maturation and parthenogenetic recovery of diploidy in the scorpionLiocheles australasiae (Fabricius) (Scorpions, Ischnuridae)

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