Cytological study of the effect of cyclophosphamide on the epithelium of the urinary bladder in man

Forni, A; Koss, Leopold G.; Geller, William

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(196410)17:10<1348::aid-cncr2820171017>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 126 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Thus, the morphological changes appear to be a transient phenomenon related to the administration of the cytotoxic drugs. This has been noted in relation to similar changes in the urothelium (Forni et al, 1964 (Akanuma, 1978 (Kennedy et al, 1989;O'Reilly et al, 1992;Skoog et al, 1992 The mechanism by which cell death, and hence loss of tumour bulk, occurs has been the subject of much recent study. Many cytotoxic agents appear to activate the intracellular pathways which culminate in apoptosis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

The effects of chemotherapy on morphology, cellular proliferation, apoptosis and oncoprotein expression in primary breast carcinoma

Rasbridge

Gillett²,

Seymour³

et al. 1994

Br J Cancer

138

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S_ary The use of chemotherapy as a form of primary treatment for breast cancer is increasing and, as a result, more resection specimens contain tumours which have been exposed to cytotoxic drugs. We have studied the effects of chemotherapy on the tumour morphology and various biological features of breast carcinoma in a group of 35 patients. These were a group who responded to treatment in a clinical study of the use of primary chemotherapy designed to reduce tumour bulk prior to surgery. Characteristic morphological changes, temporally related to the administration of cytotoxic agents, are seen. The malignant cells become enlarged with vacuolated cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei containing prominent nucleoli; occasionally the nuclei were angular and hyperchromatic. These features are interpreted as degenerative in nature. In 15 cases sufficient material was present in the pretreatment biopsies to compare the grade of the tumours before and after chemotherapy: changes were found in six tumours. Cytotoxic drugs do not induce a consistent pattern of change in the proliferation and apoptotic indices of individual tumours, but there is a tendency to reduce proliferative activity over all the tumours as a group. It was also found that chemotherapy is capable of modifying the expression of the oncoproteins c-erbB-2 and p53 in a minority of cases of breast cancer, usually resulting in an acquisition of immunoreactive oncoprotein. It is important to be aware of these effects when studying breast carcinomas removed after chemotherapy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

The effects of chemotherapy on morphology, cellular proliferation, apoptosis and oncoprotein expression in primary breast carcinoma

Rasbridge

Gillett²,

Seymour³

et al. 1994

Br J Cancer

138

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“…Such cytological abnormalities of the urothelial cells may be easily mistaken for malignancy. 22 "The risk of bladder cancer associated with cyclophosphamide is apparently increased in patients with a history of cystitis"…”

Section: Cyclophosphamidementioning

confidence: 99%

Changes produced in the urothelium by traditional and newer therapeutic procedures for bladder cancer

López-Beltrán

2002

Journal of Clinical Pathology

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“…The ischemic changes in the mucosa lead to breakdown, with ulceration and bleeding. A urine cytology study of CY-induced bladder damage by Forni et al 8 concluded that the cytology of the bladder wash in their patients was similar to that seen in radiation cystitis. Bu-induced HC has also been reported to be indistinguishable from that induced by CY.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Successful hyperbaric oxygen treatment of life-threatening hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Hattori

Yabe

Matsumoto

et al. 2001

Bone Marrow Transplant

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Summary:Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a major cause of morbidity after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Many therapies have been investigated to prevent or treat HC, but effective treatment for HC is still limited. While the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been established for HC due to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, its role in HC occurring after allogeneic BMT has yet to be defined. We report two cases of life-threatening late-onset HC after allogeneic BMT in children, which resolved after treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2001) 27, 1315-1317. Keywords: hemorrhagic cystitis; hyperbaric oxygen; allogeneic bone marrow transplantation; children Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a major complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Severe cystitis has been reported to occur in about 5% of bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients. Allogeneic BMT, grade II-IV graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), use of busulfan (Bu), age at transplantation and adenovirus infection increase the risk of severe HC. 1 Many therapeutic approaches have been tried to control pain and bleeding due to HC; despite this, HC can lead to bladder tamponade requiring surgical intervention, and can contribute to death. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been used extensively in hypoxic tissue in an attempt to stimulate angiogenesis and prompt healing. HBO has been used successfully in the treatment of radiation or cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced HC. 2,3 This is the first report in patients with intractable HC after allogeneic BMT who were controlled by HBO. Case histories Case 1An eight-year-old boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia in third remission underwent BMT from an HLA-matched unrelated donor in June 1998. He received a conditioning regimen of Bu 4 mg/kg/day for 4 days, CY 60 mg/kg/day for 2 days, and etoposide 60 mg/kg/day for 1 day. Cyclosporine A (CsA) and prednisolone were administered for GVHD prophylaxis. The clinical course after BMT is shown in Figure 1. By the fifth week after BMT, trilineage engraftment was confirmed. The patient did not develop acute GVHD. At day +4 he had developed dysuria, suprapubic pain and macrohematuria. On day +70 he developed gross hematuria with clots and an abundant residue of bladder mucus. Adenovirus was not cultured from the urine, and HC was not attributed to polyomavirus infection because characteristic morphologic changes in the urinary sediment were not seen in conjunction with the urine culture being negative for other pathogens. During the next 9 weeks, gross hematuria continued, and the patient required seven transfusions of packed red blood cells and 33 transfusion of platelets. Despite conservative treatment with continuous bladder irrigation and intravesicular maalox and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), he developed bladder tamponade on days +78 and +118 after BMT requiring emergency cystostomy and evacuation of hematomas. Post-renal failure developed, and he was referred for HBO therapy after bilateral tympanostomies. The patient was ...

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Cytological study of the effect of cyclophosphamide on the epithelium of the urinary bladder in man

Cited by 126 publications

References 3 publications

The effects of chemotherapy on morphology, cellular proliferation, apoptosis and oncoprotein expression in primary breast carcinoma

The effects of chemotherapy on morphology, cellular proliferation, apoptosis and oncoprotein expression in primary breast carcinoma

Changes produced in the urothelium by traditional and newer therapeutic procedures for bladder cancer

Successful hyperbaric oxygen treatment of life-threatening hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

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