Cytological study of pollen tube growth and early seed development inPetunia inflata

Pai, Hyun-Sook; Mariani, Celestina; Kao, Teh Hui

doi:10.1007/bf03030389

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A similar phenomenon has been reported for Arabidopsis (Windsor et al, 2000). The existence of starch grains in the integument of developing seeds has also been reported for Petunia inflata (Pai et al, 1997) and ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba; Nakao et al, 1999). However, little is known about the elements involved in starch degradation in the integument of these dicotyledonous plants.…”

supporting

confidence: 71%

Immunohistochemistry of Active Gibberellins and Gibberellin-Inducible α-Amylase in Developing Seeds of Morning Glory

Nakayama

Park

et al. 2002

Plant Physiology

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Gibberellins (GAs) in developing seeds of morning glory (Pharbitis nil) were quantified and localized by immunostaining. The starch grains began to be digested after the GA contents had increased and reached a plateau. Immunohistochemical staining with the antigibberellin A1-methyl ester-antiserum, which has high affinity to biologically active GAs, showed that GA1 and/or GA3 were localized around starch grains in the integument of developing young seeds, suggesting the participation of GA-inducible α-amylase in this digestion. We isolated an α-amylase cDNA (PnAmy1) that was expressed in the immature seeds, and using an antibody raised against recombinant protein, it was shown that PnAmy1 was expressed in the immature seeds. GA responsiveness of PnAmy1 was shown by treating the young fruits 9 d after anthesis with GA3. RNA-blot and immunoblot analyses showed that PnAmy1 emerged soon after the rapid increase of GA1/3. An immunohistochemical analysis of PnAmy1 showed that it, like the seed GA1/3, was also localized around starch grains in the integument of developing young seeds. The localization of GA1/3 in the integument coincident with the expression of PnAmy1 suggests that both function as part of a process to release sugars for translocation or for the further development of the seeds.

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supporting

confidence: 71%

Immunohistochemistry of Active Gibberellins and Gibberellin-Inducible α-Amylase in Developing Seeds of Morning Glory

Nakayama

Park

et al. 2002

Plant Physiology

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“…Significantly, gibberellin activity in Arabidopsis has been linked to the regulation of starch catabolism during seed germination (Pai et al 1997). Potentially, gibberellins could serve a similar role in nectaries to regulate starch metabolism and maintain the sink status of nectaries, thus driving photosynthate transport into and out of the nectary.…”

Section: Molecular Biology Of Nectariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for functional nectary analysis

Kram

Carter

2009

Sex Plant Reprod

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Nectaries and nectar have received much research attention for well over 200 years due to their central roles in plant-pollinator interactions. Despite this, only a few genes have demonstrated impacts on nectary development, and none have been reported to mediate de novo nectar production. This scarcity of information is largely due to the lack of a model that combines sizeable nectaries, and high levels of nectar production, along with suitable genomics resources. For example, even though Arabidopsis thaliana has been useful for developmental studies, it has been largely overlooked as a model for studying nectary function due to the small size of its flowers. However, Arabidopsis nectaries, along with those of related species, are quite operational and can be used to discern molecular mechanisms of nectary form and function. A current understanding of the machinery underlying nectary function in plants is briefly presented, with emphasis placed on the prospects of using Arabidopsis as a model for studying these processes.

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Contribution of Gibberellins to the Formation of Arabidopsis Seed Coat Through Starch Degradation

Kim

Nakajima

Nakayama

et al. 2005

Plant and Cell Physiology

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To clarify the role of gibberellins in the seed development of Arabidopsis, we investigated the sites where gibberellins are synthesized and induce alpha-amylase genes. The spatial and temporal expression of the genes encoding gibberellin biosynthetic enzymes and alpha-amylases was examined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. The mRNAs of AtGA20ox2, AtGA20ox3 and AtGA3ox4 began to be detectable 5-7 d after pollination. In situ hybridization showed that these genes were expressed almost simultaneously around starch granules in the outer integument, preceding the disappearance of those granules. AtGA20ox2 and AtGA3ox4 but not AtGA20ox3 also showed their signals at the rim of the developing embryo. The alpha-amylase gene, Amy3, which responded to gibberellin, was mainly expressed in the developing seed, spatially overlapping with the expression of AtGA20ox2 and AtGA3ox4. These results suggest that gibberellins function in at least two sites of the seed: the outer integument and part of the embryo. We examined the phenotypes of a T-DNA insertion line of AtGA3ox4 and observed the following: (i) a decrease of alpha-amylase gene transcripts in young siliques; (ii) delay of starch degradation in the outer integument; (iii) disarrangement of the seed surface structure; and (iv) abnormal swelling pattern of polysaccharides after imbibition by the mature seed. These characteristics are phenotypes of plants under gibberellin starvation, because the abnormalities could be almost overcome with applied gibberellin, and the gibberellin-treated mutant was indistinguishable from the wild type. These results strongly suggest that gibberellins in the outer integument would be required for the normal formation of the Arabidopsis seed coat.

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Cytological study of pollen tube growth and early seed development inPetunia inflata

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Immunohistochemistry of Active Gibberellins and Gibberellin-Inducible α-Amylase in Developing Seeds of Morning Glory

Immunohistochemistry of Active Gibberellins and Gibberellin-Inducible α-Amylase in Developing Seeds of Morning Glory

Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for functional nectary analysis

Contribution of Gibberellins to the Formation of Arabidopsis Seed Coat Through Starch Degradation

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