Summary Chromosome numbers were counted in root tip cells of 6 cyperaceous species growing in wetlands in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The results were as follows: Cyperus haspan, 2nϭ26; Eleocharis dulcis, 2nϭca. 212; Eleocharis spiralis, 2nϭ42; Fimbristylis ferruginea, 2nϭ20; Fimbristylis polytrichoides, 2nϭ10; Lepironia articulata, 2nϭ34. They were reported here for the first time using plant materials from Vietnam. Furthermore, the results of 2 species, Eleocharis spiralis and Lepironia articulata, were the first to be reported for these species. In addition, the dimorphism of Eleocharis dulcis shoots representing emerged and submerged culms was recorded.