Cytological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses of golden leaf coloration in Ginkgo biloba L

Li, Weixing; Yang, Shunbo; Lu, Zhaogeng; He, Zhao‐Rong; Ye, Yunling; Zhao, Beibei; Wang, Li; Jin, Biao

doi:10.1038/s41438-018-0015-4

Cited by 93 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Ultrastructural observations revealed that chloroplast development was prevented, and the structure was incomplete [32]. The GLK that regulates chloroplast development in the yellow leaves of G. biloba also exhibited downregulated expression [19]. Similarly, the GLK expression in the colored leaves was lower than that of green leaves, and further qRT-PCR also confirmed this result.…”

Section: Colored Leaves Are Closely Related To Chloroplast Dysplasiamentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The oil particles in the chloroplast increased and eventually disintegrated [27]. The ultrastructure of the colored leaves of Cymbidium sinense [16] and G. biloba [19] mutants was different from that of normal leaves, exhibiting a relatively low number of chloroplasts. The granum thylakoids had a low degree of overlap and loose arrangement, and the membrane structure was fuzzy.…”

Section: Colored Leaves Are Closely Related To Chloroplast Dysplasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the expression of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and non-yellow coloring (NYC/NOL) may affect chlorophyll biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba yellow-green mutants and promote chlorophyll b degradation to chlorophyll a. The upregulated expression of 15-cis-ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO), ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS), and lycopene ε-cyclase (LCYE) enhance carotenoid accumulation [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical and Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Key Genes Involved in Major Metabolic Regulation Related to Colored Leaf Formation in Osmanthus fragrans ‘Yinbi Shuanghui’ during Development

et al. 2020

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Osmanthus fragrans ‘Yinbi Shuanghui’ not only has a beautiful shape and fresh floral fragrance, but also rich leaf colors that change, making the tree useful for landscaping. In order to study the mechanisms of color formation in O. fragrans ‘Yinbi Shuanghui’ leaves, we analyzed the colored and green leaves at different developmental stages in terms of leaf pigment content, cell structure, and transcriptome data. We found that the chlorophyll content in the colored leaves was lower than that of green leaves throughout development. By analyzing the structure of chloroplasts, the colored leaves demonstrated more stromal lamellae and low numbers of granum thylakoid. However, there was a large number of plastoglobuli. Using transcriptome sequencing, we demonstrated that the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in chlorophyll degradation was upregulated, i.e., heme oxygennase-1 (HO1), pheophorbide a oxidase (PAO), and chlorophyllase-2 (CLH2), affecting the synthesis of chlorophyll in colored leaves. The stay-green gene (SGR) was upregulated in colored leaves. Genes involved in carotenoid synthesis, i.e., phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and 1-Deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), were downregulated in colored leaves, impeding the synthesis of carotenoids. In the later stage of leaf development, the downregulated expression of Golden2-Like (GLK) inhibited chloroplast development in colored leaves. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to investigate the correlation between physiological indicators and DEGs, we chose the modules with the highest degree of relevance to chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid metabolism. A total of five genes (HSFA2, NFYC9, TCP20, WRKY3, and WRKY4) were identified as hub genes. These analyses provide new insights into color formation mechanisms in O. fragrans ‘Yinbi Shuanghui’ leaves at the transcriptional level.

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Section: Colored Leaves Are Closely Related To Chloroplast Dysplasiamentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Colored Leaves Are Closely Related To Chloroplast Dysplasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical and Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Key Genes Involved in Major Metabolic Regulation Related to Colored Leaf Formation in Osmanthus fragrans ‘Yinbi Shuanghui’ during Development

et al. 2020

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“…Ginkgo biloba L. is a landscape tree famous for its golden leaves in autumn. Previously, we found a novel golden-green striped leaf mutant and investigated the mutant leaves in cytological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses (Li et al, 2018). Cytological and physiological experiments showed that the mutant had an abnormal ultrastructure in the chloroplast together with a lower chlorophyll content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and analysis of a library of miRNA in gold-coloured mutant leaves of Ginkgo biloba L.

Yang

et al. 2019

Folia Horticulturae

Self Cite

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To gain insights into the regulatory networks of miRNAs related to golden colour formation in Ginkgo biloba leaves, we constructed an sRNA library of golden-green striped mutant leaves. A total of 213 known miRNAs comprising 54 miRNA families were obtained, and 214 novel miRNAs were identified in the mutant leaves. We further constructed a normal green leaf sRNA library as a control and compared the expression of miRNAs between mutant and normal leaves. We found 42 known and 54 novel differential expression candidate miRNAs; 39 were up-regulated and 57 down-regulated in mutants compared to normal leaves. Our transcriptome analysis and annotation of the predicted targets indicated that the potential roles of miRNAs in G. biloba leaves included involvement in the ‘Glutathione metabolism’, ‘Plant circadian rhythm’, and ‘Phenylalanine metabolism’ categories. miRNAs and their targets were further validated by qRT-PCR. The expression of miR159a and miR159c, in particular, was significantly higher in mutant leaves than in normal leaves, while their potential target gene CLT3, which is associated with chloroplast development, displayed the opposite expression pattern. In addition, the expression of miR396g-3p and miR396h was also significantly higher in mutant leaves than in normal leaves, while the target genes ABP1 (auxin-related gene) and PPR32 (chloroplast RNA editing protein), respectively, showed the opposite expression pattern. Combined with the transcriptome analysis, these data suggest that miR159, miR396, and their targets may participate in chloroplast development and hormone metabolism to regulate colour formation in G. biloba leaves.

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“…In contrast, there are only a few studies focus on the mechanism of yellow leaves. Leaf yellowing is generally considered to be caused by decreased Chl content, since Chl is the main pigment content of green leaves [2]. Therefore, studies of leaf yellowing have mostly focused on Chl biosynthesis and degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of yellow leaf coloration inPopulus deltoidesMarsh

Zhang

Cui

et al. 2018

Preprint

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As important deciduous tree, Populus deltoides Marsh possesses a high ornamental value 13 for its leaves remaining yellow during the non-dormant period. However, little is known about the 14 regulatory mechanism of leaf coloration in Populus deltoides Marsh. Thus, we analyzed 15 physiological and transcriptional differences of yellow leaves (mutant) and green leaves (wild-type) 16 of Populus deltoides Marsh. Physiological experiments showed that the contents of chlorophyll (Chl) 17 and carotenoid are lower in mutant, the flavonoid content is not differed significantly between 18 mutant and wild-type. Transcriptomic sequencing was further used to identify 153 differentially 19 expressed genes (DEGs). Functional classifications based on Gene Ontology enrichment and 20 Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were involved in Chl biosynthesis and 21 flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Among these, geranylgeranyl diphosphate (CHLP) genes 22 associated with Chl biosynthesis showed down-regulation, while chlorophyllase (CLH) genes 23 associated with Chl degradation were up-regulated in yellow leaves. The expression levels of these 24 genes were further confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, the 25 measurement of the main precursors of Chl confirmed that CHLP is vital enzymes for the yellow 26 leaf color phenotype. Consequently, the formation of yellow leaf color is due to disruption of Chl 27 synthesis and catabolism rather than flavonoid content. These results contribute to our 28 understanding of mechanisms and regulation of leaf color variation in poplar at the transcriptional 29 level.30

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Cytological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses of golden leaf coloration in Ginkgo biloba L

Cited by 93 publications

References 51 publications

Biochemical and Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Key Genes Involved in Major Metabolic Regulation Related to Colored Leaf Formation in Osmanthus fragrans ‘Yinbi Shuanghui’ during Development

Biochemical and Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Key Genes Involved in Major Metabolic Regulation Related to Colored Leaf Formation in Osmanthus fragrans ‘Yinbi Shuanghui’ during Development

Construction and analysis of a library of miRNA in gold-coloured mutant leaves of Ginkgo biloba L.

Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of yellow leaf coloration inPopulus deltoidesMarsh

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