Cytological Findings of Ascitic Fluid with a Malignant Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review

Kosaka, Nobuaki; Hasegawa, Kiyoshi; Kiuchi, Kaori; Ochiai, Shoko; Nagai, T; Machida, Hiromi; Imai, Yasuo; Fukasawa, Ichio

doi:10.1159/000458750

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…1 SCTs were previously classified into 3 subtypes: stromal luteomas, Leydig cell tumors, and SCT-NOS (accounting for ∼60% of all SCTs). 7 More than 90% of NOS are unilateral. 2,8 NOS tumors can occur at any age, the youngest age is 2.5 years, and the oldest age is 93 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Report of a Case With Pediatric Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified, Found With Precocious Puberty

Umeda

Takase

Takayama

et al. 2022

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology

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A 4-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital because of precocious puberty. Radiologic findings revealed a fist-sized solid tumor in the left ovary without ascites, peritoneal dissemination, and distant metastasis. The patient underwent left salpingo-oophorectomy without spillage. The size of the excised tumor was 10.0×9.0×4.8 cm. On pathologic examination, the tumor was diagnosed as an ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified. In the present case, although the diameter of the tumor (>7 cm) and three mitoses per 10 high-power fields represented some potential for malignancy, we opted for careful observation without chemotherapy as the tumor was of clinical stage Ia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCTs are rare sex cord-stromal tumors and account for <0.1% of all ovarian tumors 1. SCTs were previously classified into 3 subtypes: stromal luteomas, Leydig cell tumors, and SCT-NOS (accounting for ∼60% of all SCTs) 7. More than 90% of NOS are unilateral 2,8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Report of a Case With Pediatric Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified, Found With Precocious Puberty

Umeda

Takase

Takayama

et al. 2022

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology

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“…Distant metastasis includes the vertebral bone and brain ( 30 ). A rare case of malignant ascites from peritoneal dissemination has also been reported ( 31 ).…”

Section: Clinical and Radiologic Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian steroid cell tumors: what do we know so far?

Wei,

Fadare

2024

Front. Oncol.

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Steroid cell tumors (SCT) of the ovary are rare, which has limited advances in the understanding of this enigmatic neoplasm. In this review, we summarize currently known clinicopathologic information on SCT. SCT are frequently hormonally active, leading to elevated serum and/or urine levels of androgenic hormones or their metabolites, and associated symptomatology, including virilization. The reported age at diagnosis is broad and has ranged from as young as 1 year old to 93 years old, although most patients were between ages 20 and 40 years. Most tumors are stage I and unilateral. The tumors are usually well circumscribed with a solid or solid to cystic cut surface. The tumors in one series reportedly ranged in size from 1.2 to 45 cm (average 8.4 cm). MRI is a useful imaging modality, typically showing a well delineated mass with contrast enhancement and lipid content on T2 and T1 weighted images, respectively. Microscopically, SCT display polygonal to epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic to vacuolated/clear cytoplasm and display an immunoprofile that is consistent with sex cord-stromal differentiation. Most cases are benign, without any recurrences after primary resection, but a subset – probably less than 20% of cases –are clinically malignant. Pathologic criteria that can specifically predict patient outcomes remain elusive, although features that correlate with adverse outcomes have been proposed based on retrospective studies. The molecular characteristics of SCTs are similarly under characterized, although there is some evidence of an enrichment for hypoxia-signaling gene mutations in SCT. In malignant SCT, the tumors generally show greater global genomic instability, copy number gains in oncogenes, and occasional BAP1 mutation. Future studies involving multi-institutional cohort and unbiased molecular profiling using whole exome/transcriptome sequencing are needed to help advance our molecular understanding of SCTs.

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“…Its expression is most commonly lost in metastasis, but it is enhanced in the cells from chemoresistant recurrent ovarian tumors, resulting in tumor cells aggregation with limited drug penetration and in decreased susceptibility to chemotherapy [56][57][58].…”

Section: Malignant Ascites-immunological Factors Cytokines and Acelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascitic Fluid in Ovarian Carcinoma – From Pathophysiology to the Treatment

Živadinović¹,

Petrić²,

Krtinić³

et al. 2017

Ascites - Physiopathology, Treatment, Complications and Prognosis

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Due to low symptomatology, a lack of screening, and relatively complicated diagnostic procedures of ovarian carcinoma, more and more women are believed to visit their doctors in advanced stage of the disease, complicated with ascitic fluid. There is an increasing evidence that peritoneal cytology is a subjective assessment with certain percentage of false-positive and false-negative results that may cause application of unnecessary chemotherapy or nonapplication of necessary chemotherapy. Maximal cytoreductive surgery followed by intraperitoneal or systemic chemotherapy remains to be the gold standard in preventing ascites. Ascites is not only a symptom of a disease, but a specific microenvironment for formation and mediation of protumorigenic signals that control ovarian cancer progression, proliferation, invasion, anti-apoptosis, chemoresistance and tumor heterogeneity. Acellular cytokines and immunological factors influence ovarian cancer progression and its ability to prevent immune responses of the body and tumor reaction to chemotherapy. Ascites contributes to disease dissemination, changing its course and final outcomes. Management of patients with ascites and ovarian carcinoma is complex and often the goal of the treatment is to target palliative procedures. Multidisciplinary approach is necessary in the management of these patients. Further investigations of new drugs and immunomodulators are needed aiming at prolonged periods between relapses.

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Cytological Findings of Ascitic Fluid with a Malignant Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

A Report of a Case With Pediatric Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified, Found With Precocious Puberty

A Report of a Case With Pediatric Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified, Found With Precocious Puberty

Ovarian steroid cell tumors: what do we know so far?

Ascitic Fluid in Ovarian Carcinoma – From Pathophysiology to the Treatment

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