Cytological Evaluation of Adenoviral Follicular Conjunctivitis by Cytobrush

Abstract

Conjunctival brush samples from 38 patients with acute conjunctivitis were examined to determine whether cellular features could be utilized for cytodiagnosis. Of all cases, 32 (84%) patients showed a characteristic cell pattern for adenoviral follicular conjunctivitis (AFC) and in the remaining 6 (16%) patients herpetic infection was suggested cytologically. The background of the conjunctival smears from patients with AFC was characterized by the predominance of lymphocytes with little fibrinous discharge. In addition, two types of nuclear alterations were demonstrated i.e. intranuclear inclusions and a so-called ground-glass nuclear appearance. Ground-glass nuclei occurred more frequently than intranuclear inclusions in patients with AFC. However, the presence of lymphocytes in conjunctival smears was a useful criterion for making the differential diagnosis between herpetic and adenoviral infections. Thus, in the absence of these three cellular changes, i.e. ground-glass nuclei, intranuclear inclusions and lymphocytic background, infectious conditions other than AFC may be considered, regardless of the numbers of conjunctival cells present. Emphasis is placed on the value of conjunctival brush cytology for the rapid diagnosis of cases of suspected AFC.

Mature acinar cells are refractory to carcinoma development by targeted activation of Ras oncogene in adult rats

“…2A; data for Ad‐Ela‐Cre is identical to that of Ad‐Amy‐Cre). Some acinar cells with nuclei with an “owl‐eye” or “ground glass” appearance, which are generally used for identification of virus‐infected cells, ( 9 ) in rats treated with Ad‐Amy‐Cre or Ela‐Cre were also positive for both amylase and HA (Fig. 2A‐d,e).…”

Interleukin-1α Released from Epithelial Cells after Adenovirus Type 37 Infection Activates Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 Expression on Human Vascular Endothelial Cells

“…At least 51 different serotypes of human adenoviruses cause disease, often involving the mucosal epithelial membranes of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts as well as the eye conjunctivae (7, 9). These diseases are often characterized by intense inflammatory reactions (15,22,26), the mechanisms of which are not completely understood.A key event in inflammation is the expression of vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecules which facilitate leukocyte extravasation into damaged tissues, including those involved in virus infection. For example, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1; also called CD54) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1; also called CD106) are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family which function in leukocyteendothelial cell and leukocyte-matrix adhesive interactions.…”

“…At least 51 different serotypes of human adenoviruses cause disease, often involving the mucosal epithelial membranes of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts as well as the eye conjunctivae (7, 9). These diseases are often characterized by intense inflammatory reactions (15,22,26), the mechanisms of which are not completely understood.…”

“…An obvious question is whether epithelial cell-derived IL-1␣ and its asso- (15). In addition to the corneal epithelial cells used in this study, it will also be of interest to examine Ad infection and cytokine production in conjunctival epithelial cells, since such cells form a layer in the eye just above the vessel-rich substantia propria.…”

Evaluation of human conjunctival epithelium by a combination of brush cytology and flow cytometry: An approach to the quantitative technique

“…For example, the brush cytology technique is appropriate to evaluate the ocular surface changes including dry eye syndrome, allergic conjunctivitis and other wound healing processes. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] We developed the Cytobrush Small (Cytobrush-S; Medscand Medical AB, Malmö, Sweden; Teikoku Hormone MFG, Tokyo, Japan) for this technique by which we can collect a lot of intact epithelial cells including basal cells from conjunctiva. 6 However, the technique has not been widely used because the Cytobrush-S itself has been distributed as an ''experimental tool'' by the manufacturer and the evaluation itself is not quantitative.…”