Cytological Diagnostic Techniques for Enhancing Resilience in Breeding Programs

Abstract

Since the inception of modern plant breeding, especially with the discovery of heterosis and the development of hybrids, which are known for their ability to enhance crop yields, plant breeders have consistently strived to advance and identify an efficient method for developing inbred lines. In this endeavor, breeders have encountered various challenges, including the complexity of requiring multiple generations to develop inbred lines and the struggle to find effective ways to optimize this process. In our research, we aim to present a method for cytological diagnosis and the identification of high levels of inbreeding. Our study involves the analysis of sunflower genotypes, both hybrids and inbred lines, regarding the mitotic index and its correlation with leaf area and root development in an automatic rhizotron. During our research, we observed significant differences between hybrid genotypes and inbred lines in terms of the mitotic index and variations in leaf area and root development. Therefore, this research provides insight into the applicability of cytology for timely identification and elimination of inbred genetic material, thereby contributing to increased resilience and economic efficiency in breeding programs through the adoption of cytological diagnostic techniques.