Cytological characterization of NOR in the bivalent of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Kuroiwa, Tsuneyoshi; Miyamura, Shinichi; Kawano, Shigeyuki; Hizume, Masahiro; Tho-E, A.; Miyakawa, Isamu; Sando, Nobundo

doi:10.1016/0014-4827(86)90544-6

Cited by 66 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…S. ludwigii has seven chromosomes, but genetic recombination does not occur as a result of meiosis (Yamazaki and Oshima, 1996;Yamazaki et al, 1976). We could observe 16 bivalent chromosomes of S. cerevisiae that specifi cally appeared at the meiotic prophase by DAPI staining (Kuroiwa et al, , 1986. If bivalent chromosomes are formed during the meiotic prophase of S. ludwigii, seven chromosomes should be visualized by careful observation of cell nuclei at the meiotic prophase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of mitochondrial nucleoids, mitochondria, and nuclei during meiosis and sporulation of the yeast Saccharomycodes ludwigii

Miyakawa¹,

Nakahara²,

Ito³

2012

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of mitochondrial nucleoids, mitochondria, and nuclei during meiosis and sporulation of the yeast Saccharomycodes ludwigii

Miyakawa¹,

Nakahara²,

Ito³

2012

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…Here we show the added value of cytological karyotyping with GTBM because it enables effective visualization of small mitotic chromosomes in M. graminicola, which supported PFGE karyotyping. To our knowledge the smallest eukaryotic chromosome ever observed under a microscope is the 245 kb chromosome of S. cerevisiae at metaphase I of meiosis (Kuroiwa et al 1986), while the smallest chromosome in M. graminicola IPO323 is 360 kb. Furthermore GTBM is a useful technology whenever chromosomes are too big for PFGE separation, as recently shown in Fusarium graminearum (Gale et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretic and cytological karyotyping of the foliar wheat pathogenMycosphaerella graminicolareveals many chromosomes with a large size range

Mehrabi

Taga

Kema³

2007

Mycologia

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The karyotypes of three isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola, the septoria tritici blotch pathogen of wheat, were analyzed with both pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and the cytological technique called germ tube burst method (GTBM). These analyses revealed a chromosome length polymorphism among these isolates. The estimated genome size was 31-40 Mb depending on the isolates, indicating 17-22% redundancy in the genome of the standard strain IPO323 because such differences do not affect development, pathogenicity and sexual reproduction of the other isolates. The chromosome numbers in the three isolates were 18-20 and the chromosome size was 0.3-6 Mb. These data show that M. graminicola has the highest chromosome number and the smallest autosomes (A chromosomes) in filamentous ascomycetes. Our data also confirmed a large ($6 Mb) chromosome that was assembled recently in the IPO323 genome sequence. GTBM analyses revealed the mitotic metaphase chromosomes, enabling chromosome quantification, which was fully congruent with the PFGE analyses. These data will be instrumental in the final assembly of the M. graminicola genome.

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“…Fixed cells were stained with DAPI at the concentration of 2 g/mL. The intensity of fluorescence of DAPI-stained DNA was quantified by using a VIMPCS as described (28), with minor modifications (SI Text).…”

Section: Microfluorometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrapyrrole signal as a cell-cycle coordinator from organelle to nuclear DNA replication in plant cells

Kobayashi

Kanesaki

Tanaka

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

102

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Eukaryotic cells arose from an ancient endosymbiotic association of prokaryotes, with plant cells harboring 3 genomes as the remnants of such evolution. In plant cells, plastid and mitochondrial DNA replication [organelle DNA replication (ODR)] occurs in advance of the subsequent cell cycles composed of nuclear DNA replication (NDR) and cell division. However, the mechanism by which replication of these genomes with different origins is coordinated is largely unknown. Here, we show that NDR is regulated by a tetrapyrrole signal in plant cells, which has been suggested as an organelle-to-nucleus retrograde signal. In synchronized cultures of the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, specific inhibition of A-type cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKA) prevented NDR but not ODR after onset of the cell cycle. In contrast, inhibition of ODR by nalidixic acid also resulted in inhibition of NDR, indicating a strict dependence of NDR on ODR. The requirement of ODR for NDR was bypassed by addition of the tetrapyrrole intermediates protoporphyrin IX (ProtoIX) or Mg-ProtoIX, both of which activated CDKA without inducing ODR. This scheme was also observed in cultured tobacco cells (BY-2), where inhibition of ODR by nalidixic acid prevented CDKA activation and NDR, and these inhibitions were circumvented by Mg-ProtoIX without inducing ODR. We thus show that tetrapyrrole-mediated organelle-nucleus replicational coupling is an evolutionary conserved process among plant cells.Cyanidioschyzon merolae ͉ retrograde signal ͉ tobacco BY-2 T he origin of eukaryotic cells is still unclear, but it is now generally accepted that mitochondria and plastids arose from endosymbiosis of rickettsia-like ␣-proteobacteria and cyanobacteria-like photosynthetic bacteria, respectively (1). Many of the genes of these endosymbionts, including those for DNA replication and maintenance of genomic integrity, were subsequently lost or transferred to the nuclear genome [endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT)]. According to current dogma, the transfer of genes of endosymbiotic origin to the nucleus that are required for organelle DNA replication (ODR) has resulted in loss of the independence of the cell cycles of the endosymbionts and in their integration into the eukaryotic control system that is mediated largely by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). However, coordination of cell-cycle events such as DNA replication would have been essential for establishing integrity of eukaryotic cells, at least during the early stages of endosymbiotic association. Although there is little evidence for discrete cell-cycle control of ODR in animal and fungal cells, studies with algae and flowering plants have shown that ODR precedes the subsequent cell proliferation cycles composed of nuclear DNA replication (NDR) and cell division (2-4).C. merolae is an unicellular red alga, each cell of which contains 1 plastid, 1 mitochondrion, and 1 nucleus. The advantage of studying nuclear and organelle proliferation cycles in C. merolae is that the cultures can be highly synchro...

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Cytological characterization of NOR in the bivalent of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cited by 66 publications

References 14 publications

Morphology of mitochondrial nucleoids, mitochondria, and nuclei during meiosis and sporulation of the yeast Saccharomycodes ludwigii

Morphology of mitochondrial nucleoids, mitochondria, and nuclei during meiosis and sporulation of the yeast Saccharomycodes ludwigii

Electrophoretic and cytological karyotyping of the foliar wheat pathogenMycosphaerella graminicolareveals many chromosomes with a large size range

Tetrapyrrole signal as a cell-cycle coordinator from organelle to nuclear DNA replication in plant cells

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