Cytological and cytomorphometric characteristics of buccal mucosa cells from smokeless tobacco users

Abstract

Cytological changes associated with the use of ST, include dyskeratosis, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, karyorrhexis, pyknosis together with increase in the bacterial population of cocco-bacillus and L. buccalis. There were no significant differences in patients with dysplasia in spite of reduction of CD, increased nuclear size and N/C ratio.

The smokeless tobacco habit and DNA damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Different tobacco mixtures were evaluated in the 25 studies. The majority of studies evaluated maras powder (13,16,17) and betel quid (1,12,28).…”

“…The frequency of smokeless tobacco use a day was variable and measured in different units of measurement, but most of the studies did not report this information (6,8,11-13,16,18,21,22,24,26).…”

“…The mean use of smokeless tobacco habit was up to 51 years (1,7,11,13,15-18,21,23,25,27). The smallest number of participants per group was ten (23) and the highest was 175 (6).…”

“…The smallest number of participants per group was ten (23) and the highest was 175 (6). In the studies that report the gender of participants, most of them were male (1,6,7,13,15-17,23,28,29,32), with exception of three studies (21,27,31). The range of participants age varied from 18 to 80 (1,6-8,11,13,16-18,22-24,27).…”

“…Other chromosomal aberrations, such as pycnosis, binucleated cells, anucleated cells, are excellent biomarkers of exposure to the chromosome-damaging agents in tobacco (11). For the evaluation of MN or other DNA damage different staining methods can be used, such Feulgen (11), Giemsa (12) or Papanicolau (13).…”