Cytologic features of sex cord‐stromal tumors in women

Edmund, Liz N.; Salama, Abeer M.; Murali, Rajmohan

doi:10.1002/cncy.22502

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…The pathognomonic Call-Exner bodies showing microfollicular structures with neoplastic cells palisading around a central amorphous eosinophilic material may occasionally be seen (Fig. 18) [110,111]. Tumor cell necrosis, small-punctuate cytoplasmic vacuoles, naked nuclei, prominent arborization of vessels, and rare theca cells have also been reported [112][113][114].…”

Section: Sex Cord-stromal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, the cells show more prominent nuclear pleomorphism, hyperchromasia, nuclear membrane irregularities, and nucleoli when compared to AGCT. Multinucleated bizarre tumor cells, atypical mitoses, and necrosis are also observed [111]. In contrast to AGCT, however, cytoplasmic vacuoles, Call-Exner bodies, and nuclear grooves are not features of JGCT.…”

Section: Sex Cord-stromal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The findings in peritoneal fluids will vary depending on the degree of differentiation of the tumor, and the Sertoli cell component usually predominates. The tumor cells are arranged in loose threedimensional cell clusters, but occasional single cells can be present [111]. They exhibit intermediate to high N/C ratio, round to oval nuclei with moderate nuclear pleomorphism and membrane irregularities, coarse chromatin, visible nucleoli, and granular to vacuolated cytoplasm.…”

Section: Sex Cord-stromal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Occasional nuclear grooves may be observed [93]. Multinucleated tumor cells can also be seen [111]. The presence of heterologous elements has not been reported in peritoneal fluids but may conceivably occur and can include glandular structures, cartilage, skeletal muscles, or hepatoid cells [93].…”

Section: Sex Cord-stromal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This entity is usually associated with androgenic symptoms but may rarely be associated with estrogenic secretion and Cushing syndrome. The peritoneal fluid is usually cellular with discohesive sheets of cells and scattered threedimensional groups, loose clusters, and occasional papillary groups with fibrovascular cores [111]. The tumor cells show low N/C ratio with abundant granular to foamy cytoplasm, distinct cell borders, mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism, round nuclei with coarse granular chromatin, and multiple small nucleoli.…”

Section: Sex Cord-stromal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practical Approach to the Evaluation of Malignant Peritoneal Fluids in the Setting of Gynecologic Neoplasms

Mendoza¹,

Lastra²

2022

Acta Cytologica

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Background: Evaluation of peritoneal fluid cytology, either from ascitic fluids or as result of peritoneal washings, is a fundamental aspect in the evaluation of women presenting with clinically concerning or histologically confirmed gynecologic neoplasms. Summary: Ascitic fluid samples are often the initial and only source of diagnostic material in women presenting with gynecologic malignancies, and important therapeutic decisions will result from the information provided in the cytology report. On the other hand, cytologic evaluation of peritoneal washing specimens obtained during surgical excision of a presumed gynecologic neoplasm provides crucial information to the clinical team regarding tumor staging, often with significant therapeutic implications. While recognition of high-grade tumors in either of these samples is generally straightforward, low-grade tumors and unusual neoplasms can prove to be more difficult to recognize, differentiate from benign mimics, and correctly diagnose, particularly in low-cellularity specimens. Even with high grade tumors, a mere diagnosis of “Positive for malignancy” in diagnostic ascitic fluid specimens might not suffice to guide clinical management, and the use of ancillary techniques to further and more definitively characterize the lesional cells is required. Key Messages: This review will focus on the clinically relevant issues surrounding interpretation of peritoneal fluid cytology specimens in the setting of gynecologic neoplasms, making emphasis on the salient cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical features of the various neoplastic processes, in an attempt to provide a practical yet effective guide on how to best evaluate, diagnose, and report these samples.

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Section: Sex Cord-stromal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Sex Cord-stromal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Sex Cord-stromal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sex Cord-stromal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sex Cord-stromal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Practical Approach to the Evaluation of Malignant Peritoneal Fluids in the Setting of Gynecologic Neoplasms

Mendoza¹,

Lastra²

2022

Acta Cytologica

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Ectopic adrenal cortical tissue presenting as gastrohepatic ligament “lymph node” diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration: A case report

Policarpio‐Nicolas

2023

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Ectopic adrenal cortical tissue has been reported in several locations, most often involving the retroperitoneal fat close to the adrenal gland. The reported cases presenting adjacent or proximal to the stomach are rare and mostly diagnosed on histology. To our knowledge, the cytologic features of ectopic adrenal cortical tissue diagnosed on fine needle aspiration are not well documented in the cytology literature. We describe the cytologic features of ectopic adrenal cortex which initially presented on imaging study as an enlarged gastrohepatic ligament “lymph node” on a patient with gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. The aspirates showed small clusters and cords of uniform cells with abundant vacuolated to densely compact cytoplasm, occasionally stripped nuclei, and delicate frayed cytoplasmic membranes dispersed in a bubbly, vacuolated background. Immunohistochemical stains performed on the corresponding cell block showed these cells were positive for SF‐1 and negative for PAX 8. The corresponding biopsy showed similar findings in addition to immunoreactivity to inhibin. Because the cytologic features of ectopic adrenal cortical tissue especially on unusual sites could easily mimic malignant neoplasms, familiarity with the cytologic features in conjunction with immunohistochemical stains are key in arriving at the correct diagnosis and avoiding misdiagnosis.

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Enhancing cervical cancer diagnosis with graph convolution network: AI-powered segmentation, feature analysis, and classification for early detection

Fahad,

Azam,

Montaha

et al. 2024

Multimed Tools Appl

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Cervical cancer is a prevalent disease affecting the cervix cells in women and is one of the leading causes of mortality for women globally. The Pap smear test determines the risk of cervical cancer by detecting abnormal cervix cells. Early detection and diagnosis of this cancer can effectively increase the patient’s survival rate. The advent of artificial intelligence facilitates the development of automated computer-assisted cervical cancer diagnostic systems, which are widely used to enhance cancer screening. This study emphasizes the segmentation and classification of various cervical cancer cell types. An intuitive but effective segmentation technique is used to segment the nucleus and cytoplasm from histopathological cell images. Additionally, handcrafted features include different properties of the cells generated from the distinct cervical cytoplasm and nucleus area. Two feature rankings techniques are conducted to evaluate this study’s significant feature set. Feature analysis identifies the critical pathological properties of cervical cells and then divides them into 30, 40, and 50 sets of diagnostic features. Furthermore, a graph dataset is constructed using the strongest correlated features, prioritizes the relationship between the features, and a robust graph convolution network (GCN) is introduced to efficiently predict the cervical cell types. The proposed model obtains a sublime accuracy of 99.11% for the 40-feature set of the SipakMed dataset. This study outperforms the existing study, performing both segmentation and classification simultaneously, conducting an in-depth feature analysis, attaining maximum accuracy efficiently, and ensuring the interpretability of the proposed model. To validate the model’s outcome, we tested it on the Herlev dataset and highlighted its robustness by attaining an accuracy of 98.18%. The results of this proposed methodology demonstrate the dependability of this study effectively, detecting cervical cancer in its early stages and upholding the significance of the lives of women.

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Cytologic features of sex cord‐stromal tumors in women

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Practical Approach to the Evaluation of Malignant Peritoneal Fluids in the Setting of Gynecologic Neoplasms

Practical Approach to the Evaluation of Malignant Peritoneal Fluids in the Setting of Gynecologic Neoplasms

Ectopic adrenal cortical tissue presenting as gastrohepatic ligament “lymph node” diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration: A case report

Enhancing cervical cancer diagnosis with graph convolution network: AI-powered segmentation, feature analysis, and classification for early detection

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