Cytokinins and the regulation of plant form in three species ofSophora

120 Years of Untangling the Divaricate Habit: A Review

“…Qualitative and quantitative measurements in 621 E. hookerianus showed that the leaves of the divaricating juvenile form contain more active 622 cytokinins than the non-divaricating adult form or transitional form leaves (Day et al 1995, 623 reviewed by Jameson & Clemens 2015). A similar yet more questionable conclusion was drawn 624 from a comparison of the ratio of active to storage forms of cytokinin between divaricate and non-625 divaricate forms in Sophora species (Carswell et al 1996). In contrast with the heteroblastic 626 divaricate species studied, the levels of cytokinins are relatively low in the divaricate species 627…”

“…is not precociously triggered in E. hookerianus seedlings by these treatments. In Sophora, a 619 treatment with 6-benzylaminopurine (a cytokinin) reinforces the divaricateness of the juvenile 620 form of Sophora microphylla (Carswell et al 1996). Qualitative and quantitative measurements in 621 E. hookerianus showed that the leaves of the divaricating juvenile form contain more active 622 cytokinins than the non-divaricating adult form or transitional form leaves (Day et al 1995, 623 reviewed by Jameson & Clemens 2015).…”

“…Sophora prostrata, suggesting that they might not play a role in the establishment of the divaricate 628 form itself (Carswell et al 1996). There are however too few studies about these growth regulators 629 to formulate general conclusions about their potential effects in controlling the expression of the 630 divaricate habit.…”

Comparative vegetative development of divaricating and arborescentSophoraspecies (Fabaceae)

“…The presentation of such information is timely. Recent observations have indicated that the divaricating Sophora species hold a high ratio of active to storage cytokinins, and exogenous applications of 6benzylaminopurine to arborescent S. microphylla resulted in a "more divaricating appearance" (Carswell et al 1996). However, in the absence of quantitative comparisons, it is not at all certain that cytokinin treatment elicits the normal course of development of divaricating architecture.…”

Application of Plant Growth Regulators in Ornamental Plants: A Review

“…We discuss the application methods and their possible advantages over one another. Application methods: There are various methods of application of PGRs in plants reported in literature, mostly including foliar application (Sajjad et al, 2014), drenching (Matsumoto, 2006), pre-plant sowing (Currey and Lopez, 2010), seed priming (Pill and Gunter, 2001), pasting (Saniewski et al, 2010), capillary string (Carswell et al, 1996) and injection (de Vries and Dubois, 1988). The most commercially adopted methods for ornamental plants are foliar spray, drenching and pre-plant soaking (includes dips for shorter period of time) as shown in Table 2.…”