Cytokinin Regulates the Etioplast-Chloroplast Transition through the Two-Component Signaling System and Activation of Chloroplast-Related Genes

Cortleven, Anne; Marg, Ingke; Yamburenko, Maria V.; Schlicke, Hagen; Hill, Kristine; Grimm, Bernhard; Schäller, G.; Schmülling, Thomas

doi:10.1104/pp.16.00640

Cited by 82 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…In fact, upregulation of HEMA1 , CHLH and CHL27 in response to light was weakened in Arabidopsis cytokinin receptor mutants, whereas cytokinin treatment to dark-grown wild-type seedlings increased expression of these genes (Hedtke et al, 2012; Kobayashi et al, 2014a). Moreover, Cortleven et al (2016) recently reported that type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs) function in the greening process downstream of cytokinin signaling. In this process, ARR10 and ARR12 directly bind to the promoter regions of HEMA1 in addition to LHCB6 (Cortleven et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Cortleven et al (2016) recently reported that type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs) function in the greening process downstream of cytokinin signaling. In this process, ARR10 and ARR12 directly bind to the promoter regions of HEMA1 in addition to LHCB6 (Cortleven et al, 2016). These data suggest an importance of cytokinin signaling in upregulation of key TPB genes during photomorphogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptional Regulation of Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Kobayashi

Masuda

2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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Biosynthesis of chlorophyll (Chl) involves many enzymatic reactions that share several first steps for biosynthesis of other tetrapyrroles such as heme, siroheme, and phycobilins. Chl allows photosynthetic organisms to capture light energy for photosynthesis but with simultaneous threat of photooxidative damage to cells. To prevent photodamage by Chl and its highly photoreactive intermediates, photosynthetic organisms have developed multiple levels of regulatory mechanisms to coordinate tetrapyrrole biosynthesis (TPB) with the formation of photosynthetic and photoprotective systems and to fine-tune the metabolic flow with the varying needs of Chl and other tetrapyrroles under various developmental and environmental conditions. Among a wide range of regulatory mechanisms of TPB, this review summarizes transcriptional regulation of TPB genes during plant development, with focusing on several transcription factors characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. Key TPB genes are tightly coexpressed with other photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes and are induced by light, oscillate in a diurnal and circadian manner, are coordinated with developmental and nutritional status, and are strongly downregulated in response to arrested chloroplast biogenesis. LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs, which are positive and negative transcription factors with a wide range of light signaling, respectively, target many TPB genes for light and circadian regulation. GOLDEN2-LIKE transcription factors directly regulate key TPB genes to fine-tune the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus with chloroplast functionality. Some transcription factors such as FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3, REVEILLE1, and scarecrow-like transcription factors may directly regulate some specific TPB genes, whereas other factors such as GATA transcription factors are likely to regulate TPB genes in an indirect manner. Comprehensive transcriptional analyses of TPB genes and detailed characterization of key transcriptional regulators help us obtain a whole picture of transcriptional control of TPB in response to environmental and endogenous cues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Regulation of Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Kobayashi

Masuda

2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…cDNA synthesis and qRT-PCR analysis were performed as described in Cortleven et al (2016) using 500 ng of total RNA and a CFX96™ Real-Time Touch System (Bio-Rad Laboratories GmbH; Feldkirchen, Germany). All primers used in this study can be found in Supplemental Table 1 of Nitschke et al (2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root-derived trans-zeatin cytokinin protects Arabidopsis plants against photoperiod stress

Frank

Cortleven

Schmülling

2020

Preprint

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Running title: Protective role of root-borne cytokinin 1 2 Root-derived trans-zeatin cytokinin protects Arabidopsis plants against photoperiod 3 stress 4 5 ABSTRACT 27 Recently, a novel type of abiotic stress caused by a prolongation of the light period -coined 28 photoperiod stress -has been described in Arabidopsis. During the night after the 29 prolongation of the light period, stress and cell death marker genes are induced. The next day, 30 strongly stressed plants display a reduced photosynthetic efficiency and leaf cells eventually 31 enter programmed cell death. The phytohormone cytokinin (CK) acts as a negative regulator of 32 this photoperiod stress syndrome. In this study, we show that Arabidopsis wild-type plants 33 increase the CK concentration in response to photoperiod stress. Analysis of cytokinin 34 synthesis and transport mutants revealed that root-derived trans-zeatin (tZ)-type CKs protect 35 against photoperiod stress. The CK signaling proteins ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE 36 PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 2 (AHP2), AHP3 and AHP5 and transcription factors 37 ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 (ARR2), ARR10 and ARR12 are required for the 38 protective activity of CK. Analysis of higher order B-type arr mutants suggested that a complex 39 regulatory circuit exists in which the loss of ARR10 or ARR12 can rescue the arr2 phenotype. 40 Together the results revealed the role of root-derived CK acting in the shoot through the two-41 component signaling system to protect from the negative consequences of strong photoperiod 42 stress. 43 44 45

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“…Significant progress have been made in our understanding of the role of cytokinins (CK) in plant growth, and development. Through interactions with other hormonal pathways and transcriptional factors, CKs plays an important role in a variety of plant processes including greening (Cortleven and Schmülling, 2015), etioplast-to-chloroplast transition (Cortleven et al, 2016), root greening (Kobayashi et al, 2012; 2017), shoot and shoot development (Howell et al, 2003; Kieber and Schaller, 2014; Raines et al, 2016) and delay in leaf senescence (Gan and Amasino, 1995; Kim et al, 2006; Kieber and Schaller, 2014; Raines et al, 2016; Talla et al, 2016). The current knowledge of CK signalling involves a multistep signal transduction system that begins with the perception of CK by the Arabidopsis Histidine Kinases ( AHK2 , AHK3 , CRE1 / AHK4 ) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) phosphate transfer via the Arabidopsis Histidine Phosphotransfer proteins (AHPs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis gene RGO mediates cytokinin responses and increases seed yield

Murmu

Allard

Chabot

et al. 2020

Preprint

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17One-sentence summary: RGO, a novel gene from Arabidopsis, is essential for plant development, 18 mediates CK signaling and increases seed yield in Arabidopsis and rapeseed when overexpressed. Abstract 1 A novel gene, At1g77960, from Arabidopsis thaliana was characterized. At1g77960 transcripts 2 accumulate to very high levels in plants ectopically overexpressing the Golden2-like1 (GLK1) 3 transcription factor and is designated as a Response to GLK1 Overexpression (RGO) gene. RGO 4 encodes a protein with domains of tandem QH and QN repeats. Transcripts and promoter GUS 5 reporter analyses indicated that RGO is expressed in roots, leaves, stems, floral and siliques tissues 6 but not in seeds. Expression of the RGO:YFP fusion protein demonstrated that RGO is localized 7 to the endoplasmic reticulum. MicroRNA mediated silencing of RGO resulted in severe reductions 8 in vegetative and root growth, delayed flowering and reduced seed yield and viability, suggesting 9 that RGO is essential for plant development. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of RGO resulted 10 in enhanced vegetative growth including increased axillary bud formation and a 20% higher seed 11 yield. Stable overexpression of RGO in Brassica napus also produced a similar increase in seed 12 yield. Cytokinin (CK) response assays including root growth, green calli formation from excised 13 hypocotyls and chlorophyll retention during dark-induced senescence suggest that one role of RGO 14 is to mediate CK responses in plant development. These results suggest that RGO could be a target 15 gene for increasing crop seed yields. 16 Keywords 17 Arabidopsis thaliana, At1g77960, GLK1 overexpression, cytokinin response, seed yield 18 19 [Type text] [Type text] 4 1A direct link between GLKs and CK signalling however, is lacking. There is evidence to suggest 2 that type B ARRs coordinate the expression of HY5 (elongated hypocotyl 5), which is required by 3 GLK2 for maximal (although not essential) greening in roots (Kobayashi et al., 2012).

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Cytokinin Regulates the Etioplast-Chloroplast Transition through the Two-Component Signaling System and Activation of Chloroplast-Related Genes

Cited by 82 publications

References 59 publications

Transcriptional Regulation of Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Transcriptional Regulation of Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Root-derived trans-zeatin cytokinin protects Arabidopsis plants against photoperiod stress

The Arabidopsis gene RGO mediates cytokinin responses and increases seed yield

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