Cytokinin action in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in plants

Cortleven, Anne; Leuendorf, Jan Erik; Frank, Manuel; Pezzetta, Daniela; Bolt, Sylvia; Schmülling, Thomas

doi:10.1111/pce.13494

Cited by 301 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 206 publications

(319 reference statements)

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“…Higher level of CK in plant increased resistance to pathogens whereas opposite is true for plant susceptibility to diseases (Choi et al, 2010;Grosskinsky et al, 2011;Naseem et al, 2014;Grosskinsky et al, 2016;Albrecht and Argueso, 2017). Sufficient evidences are available in literature indicating the role of exogenously applied CK on altering the level of host resistance to pathogen (Grosskinsky et al, 2011;Naseem et al, 2014;Grosskinsky et al, 2016;Cortleven et al, 2019). For instance, Choi et al (2010), treated Arabidopsis with 1 mm of trans-zeatin (naturally occurring CK), for which the CK receptors have very high affinity, in response to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv.…”

Section: Role Of Cytokinin For Interaction Of Plants With Bacterial Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Cytokinins for Interactions of Plants With Microbial Pathogens and Pest Insects

et al. 2020

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It has been recognized that cytokinins are plant hormones that influence not only numerous aspects of plant growth, development and physiology, including cell division, chloroplast differentiation and delay of senescence but the interaction with other organisms, including pathogens. Cytokinins are not only produced by plants but are also by other prokaryotic and eukaryotic organism such as bacteria, fungi, microalgae and insects. Notably, cytokinins are produced both by pathogenic and also beneficial microbes and are known to induce resistance in plants against pathogen infections. In this review the contrasting role of cytokinin for the defence and susceptibility of plants against bacterial and fungal pathogen and pest insects is assessed. We also discuss the cross talk of cytokinins with other phytohormones and the underlying mechanism involved in enhancing plant immunity against pathogen infections and explore possible practical applications in crop plant production.

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Section: Role Of Cytokinin For Interaction Of Plants With Bacterial Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Cytokinins for Interactions of Plants With Microbial Pathogens and Pest Insects

et al. 2020

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“…Numerous studies on CK functions during stress responses have provided variable results (see, e.g., Veselov et al, 2017;Cortleven et al, 2019). CKs may have both positive and negative effects on plant tolerance in relation to specific conditions, including type of stress, its duration, severity, and plant species.…”

Section: Incyde In Combination With Acclimation Had a Slight Positivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heat stress can cause protein denaturation, enhance the production of reactive oxygen species, as well as negatively influence photosynthetic capacity, resulting in metabolic imbalance (Cortleven et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Acclimation and Inhibition of Cytokinin Degradation Positively Affect Heat Stress Tolerance of Arabidopsis

et al. 2020

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In order to pinpoint phytohormone changes associated with enhanced heat stress tolerance, the complex phytohormone profiles [cytokinins, auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid and ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylic acid (ACC)] were compared in Arabidopsis thaliana after direct heat shock (45°C, 3 h) and in heat-stressed pre-acclimated plants (1 h at 37°C followed by 2 h at optimal temperature 20°C). Organ-specific responses were followed in shoot apices, leaves, and roots immediately after heat shock and after 24-h recovery at 20°C. The stress strength was evaluated via membrane ion leakage and the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) and antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutases, guaiacol peroxidases (POD), catalases, ascorbate peroxidases (APX)]. Heat acclimation diminished negative effects of heat stress, especially in apices and roots, no significant differences being observed in leaves. Low NOX1-3 activities indicated diminished production of reactive oxygen species. Higher activity of APX, POD1, and the occurrence of POD3-4 reflected acclimation-stimulated readiness of the antioxidant system. Acclimation diminished heat shock-induced changes of ABA, JA, cytokinin, and auxin levels in apices. Excess of ABA catabolites suggested an early stress response. The strong up-regulation of ABA and ACC in roots indicated defense boost in roots of acclimated plants compared to the non-acclimated ones. To evaluate the possibility to enhance stress tolerance by cytokinin pool modulation, INCYDE-F, an inhibitor of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, was applied. As cytokinin effects on stress tolerance may depend on timing of their regulation, INCYDE was applied at several time-points. In combination with acclimation, INCYDE treatment had a slight positive effect on heat stress tolerance, mainly when applied after 2-h period of the optimal temperature. INCYDE increased contents of cytokinins trans-zeatin and cis-zeatin in roots and auxin in all tissues after heat shock. INCYDE also helped to suppress the content of ABA in leaves, and ethylene in apices and roots. INCYDE application to non-acclimated plants (applied before Frontiers in Plant Science | www.frontiersin.org or after heat shock) strengthened negative stress effects, probably by delaying of the repair processes. In conclusion, pre-treatment with moderately elevated temperature enhanced heat stress tolerance and accelerated recovery after stress. Inhibition of cytokinin degradation by INCYDE slightly improved recovery of acclimated plants.

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“…In the response to biotic stress such as Pseudomonas infection, CK is required for an effective defense regulating the oxidative burst through ARR2 (Arnaud et al, 2017; Choi et al, 2010). CK is known also from other instances to regulate the response to oxidative stress (Pavlů et al, 2018; Cortleven et al, 2019) which is a hallmark of the response to photoperiod stress (Nitschke et al, 2016). We propose that one function of the enhanced CK formation could be to properly respond to oxidative stress caused by PLP treatment (Nitschke et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root-derived trans-zeatin cytokinin protects Arabidopsis plants against photoperiod stress

Frank

Cortleven

Schmülling

2020

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Running title: Protective role of root-borne cytokinin 1 2 Root-derived trans-zeatin cytokinin protects Arabidopsis plants against photoperiod 3 stress 4 5 ABSTRACT 27 Recently, a novel type of abiotic stress caused by a prolongation of the light period -coined 28 photoperiod stress -has been described in Arabidopsis. During the night after the 29 prolongation of the light period, stress and cell death marker genes are induced. The next day, 30 strongly stressed plants display a reduced photosynthetic efficiency and leaf cells eventually 31 enter programmed cell death. The phytohormone cytokinin (CK) acts as a negative regulator of 32 this photoperiod stress syndrome. In this study, we show that Arabidopsis wild-type plants 33 increase the CK concentration in response to photoperiod stress. Analysis of cytokinin 34 synthesis and transport mutants revealed that root-derived trans-zeatin (tZ)-type CKs protect 35 against photoperiod stress. The CK signaling proteins ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE 36 PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 2 (AHP2), AHP3 and AHP5 and transcription factors 37 ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 (ARR2), ARR10 and ARR12 are required for the 38 protective activity of CK. Analysis of higher order B-type arr mutants suggested that a complex 39 regulatory circuit exists in which the loss of ARR10 or ARR12 can rescue the arr2 phenotype. 40 Together the results revealed the role of root-derived CK acting in the shoot through the two-41 component signaling system to protect from the negative consequences of strong photoperiod 42 stress. 43 44 45

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Cytokinin action in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in plants

Cited by 301 publications

References 206 publications

Role of Cytokinins for Interactions of Plants With Microbial Pathogens and Pest Insects

Role of Cytokinins for Interactions of Plants With Microbial Pathogens and Pest Insects

Heat Acclimation and Inhibition of Cytokinin Degradation Positively Affect Heat Stress Tolerance of Arabidopsis

Root-derived trans-zeatin cytokinin protects Arabidopsis plants against photoperiod stress

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