Cytokinesis in Animal Cells

Rappaport, R.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511529764

Cited by 271 publications

(219 citation statements)

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“…1). Cytokinesis was described more than 100 years ago, and the role of actin and myosin in cleavage as well as the role of the mitotic spindle were described more than 30 years ago [10]. Ever since, there has been an increasing rate of research in the cytokinesis field, and many recent findings have provided more detailed information concerning the molecular mechanisms of cytokinesis, including an extensive list of proteins that are involved (Table 1).…”

Section: Cytokinesis the Final Stage Of Mitosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinesis and cancer

Sagona

Stenmark

2010

FEBS Letters

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a b s t r a c tCytokinesis is the final stage of cell division during which the two daughter cells separate completely. Although less well understood than some of the earlier phases of the cell cycle, recent discoveries have shed light on the mechanisms that orchestrate this process, including cleavage furrow formation, midbody maturation and abscission. One of the reasons why research on cytokinesis has been attracting increasing attention is the concept that failure of this process in mammals is associated with carcinogenesis. In this minireview, we will discuss the possible links between cytokinesis and cancer, and highlight key mechanisms that connect these processes.

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Section: Cytokinesis the Final Stage Of Mitosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinesis and cancer

Sagona

Stenmark

2010

FEBS Letters

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“…If the mitotic apparatus were simply to activate Rho at the equator, spindle displacement would be expected to result in the formation of a cytokinetic apparatus that spreads along and closes inward along the entire margin of the cell defined by the starting and ending position of the spindle midplane. However, a wealth of spindle displacement studies, (73) and direct imaging of the Rho activity zone, (18) indicate that both the cytokinetic apparatus and the Rho zone rapidly remodel in response to spindle movement. We have observed spindles to slip relative to the furrow, and the furrow to track the spindle, even in unmanipulated embryos.…”

Section: Contributions Of the Zones To Contractile Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rho GTPase activity zones and transient contractile arrays

2006

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SummaryThe Rho GTPases-Rho, Rac and Cdc42-act as molecular switches, cycling between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state, to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. It has recently become apparent that the Rho GTPases can be activated in subcellular zones that appear semi-stable, yet are dynamically maintained. These Rho GTPase activity zones are associated with a variety of fundamental biological processes including symmetric and asymmetric cytokinesis and cellular wound repair. Here we review the basic features of Rho GTPase activity zones, suggest that these zones represent a fundamental signaling mechanism, and discuss the implications of zone properties from the perspective of both their function and how they are likely to be controlled.

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“…While mitotic chromosomes are thought to generate gradients of Ran GTP that selforganize the prometaphase spindle 3 , this cannot be the only self-organizing signal in anaphase because cytokinesis can occur in the absence of chromatin 4,5 . Instead, the location of the cleavage furrow is coupled to the position of the spindle midzone where the Chromosome *Correspondence to: PTS (e-mail pts7h@virginia.edu) or MAL (e-mail lampson@sas.upenn.edu).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midzone activation of aurora B in anaphase produces an intracellular phosphorylation gradient

Fuller

Lampson

Foley

et al. 2008

Nature

336

380

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Proper partitioning of the contents of a cell between two daughters requires integration of spatial and temporal cues. The anaphase array of microtubules that self-organize at the spindle midzone contributes to positioning the cell division plane midway between the segregating chromosomes 1 . How this signaling occurs over micron length-scales, from the midzone to the cell cortex, is not known. Here we examine the anaphase dynamics of protein phosphorylation by Aurora B kinase, a key mitotic regulator, using FRET-based sensors in living cells and immunofluorescence of native Aurora B substrates. Quantitative analysis of phosphorylation dynamics, using chromosome and centromere targeted sensors, reveals that changes are due primarily to position along the division axis rather than time. These dynamics result in the formation of a spatial phosphorylation gradient early in anaphase that is centered at the spindle midzone. This gradient depends on Aurora B targeting to a subpopulation of microtubules that activate it. Aurora kinase activity organizes the targeted microtubules to generate a structure based feedback loop. We propose that feedback between Aurora B kinase activation and midzone microtubules generates a gradient of posttranslational marks that provides spatial information for events in anaphase and cytokinesis. Keywordsanaphase; gradient; FRET; Aurora B; INCENP; histone H3; serine 10; mitotic spindle; Hesperadin; monopolar It is believed that self-organizing systems position the cleavage furrow, since experimental displacement of the anaphase spindle results in repositioning of the cleavage furrow within minutes 2 . While mitotic chromosomes are thought to generate gradients of Ran GTP that selforganize the prometaphase spindle 3 , this cannot be the only self-organizing signal in anaphase because cytokinesis can occur in the absence of chromatin 4,5 . Instead, the location of the cleavage furrow is coupled to the position of the spindle midzone where the Chromosome *Correspondence to: PTS (e-mail pts7h@virginia.edu) or MAL (e-mail lampson@sas.upenn.edu). $ Both authors contributed equally to this work Author Information: Development of the Aurora B and Plk phosphorylation sensors and FRET imaging and analysis were done in the Kapoor lab by MA Lampson, together with EA Foley. BG Fuller performed immunofluorescence experiments. SR Nitcher and P Tobelman performed the kinase assays and P-Lisa experiments, respectively. KV Le performed live imaging of Aurora B-GFP. BG Fuller and MA Lampson wrote the paper. To examine spatial patterns of Aurora B signaling during anaphase, we developed a strategy using FRET-based sensors that report quantitative changes in substrate phosphorylation in living cells. We adapted a sensor design 6 in which changes in intramolecular CFP-YFP FRET depend on changes in phosphorylation of an Aurora B substrate peptide, which is conserved among members of the kinesin-13 family 7 (Fig. 1a). To mimic localizations of endogenous Aurora B substrates 8 , sensors were targeted to ce...

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Cytokinesis in Animal Cells

Cited by 271 publications

References 0 publications

Cytokinesis and cancer

Cytokinesis and cancer

Rho GTPase activity zones and transient contractile arrays

Midzone activation of aurora B in anaphase produces an intracellular phosphorylation gradient

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