1993
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05943.x
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Cytokines involved in the progression of multiple myeloma

Abstract: SUMMARYWe have investigated which of the cytokines that are relevant in the in vitro growth of multiple myeloma (MM) malignant plasma cells are actually produced in vivo by MM patients. To this end, we have measured the levels of IL-1^, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) both in sera and in the supernatant of bone marrow (BM) stromal cell cultures from patients with MM and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). The significance of our findings is three-fol… Show more

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Cited by 83 publications
(19 citation statements)
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References 38 publications
(40 reference statements)
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“…IL-6 has been shown as an osteoclast activating factor (OAF) required for human osteoclast precursors proliferation(10, 11, 29). The primary effect of IL-6 on osteoclast formation is to increase the pool of the early osteoclast precursors that in turn differentiate into mature osteoclasts, inducing bone resorption(12).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…IL-6 has been shown as an osteoclast activating factor (OAF) required for human osteoclast precursors proliferation(10, 11, 29). The primary effect of IL-6 on osteoclast formation is to increase the pool of the early osteoclast precursors that in turn differentiate into mature osteoclasts, inducing bone resorption(12).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…22,23 In MM, BMSCs and endothelial cells from patients secrete higher amounts of IL-8 than their healthy counterparts. 24,25 However, the contribution of myeloma cells and their interaction with the microenvironment to IL-8 production has not been deeply analyzed. Regarding the role of IL-8 in MM cell proliferation, two reports have been published with contradictory results.…”
Section: Il-8mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…IL-3 circulates at abnormally high levels, different from IL-6 and TNF-α. 124 By tissue histology, increased osteoclast activity in MM is found adjacent to MM cells. The increase in osteoclast number accompanies this marrow-based activity of MM cells.…”
Section: Multiple Myelomamentioning
confidence: 97%