Cytokines in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections

Mycoplasma pneumoniae as an Under- Recognized Agent of Vasculitic Disorders

“…Nevertheless, M. pneumoniae i s a m a j o r p a t h o g e n o f primary atypical pneumonia as well as a number of extrapulmonary diseases. In this context, many previous works have disclosed that the cell membrane of M. pneumoniae contains lipoproteins which are potent inducers of cytokines equivalent to bacterial lipopolysaccharides [for review, see Sánchez-Vargas & Gómez-Duarte, 2008;Yang et al, 2004]. Thus it is currently understood that M. pneumoniae pneumonia results from the operation of the host immune system, specifically of various kinds of cytokines, rather than from direct injury by the organism itself; in other words, M. pneumoniae pneumonia develops via immune pathogenesis.…”

“…Macrophages, following phagocytosis of the organism, present these various kinds of mycoplasmal antigens to immunocompetent cells causing immune modulation which subsequently elicits autoimmunity through these antigens' molecular mimicry of various human cell components [for review, see Yang et al, 2004;Waites & Talkington, 2004]. From the perspective of vasculopathy due to M. pneumoniae, the most important aspect of this process must be the production of antiphospholipid (anticardiolipin) antibodies [Graw-Panzer et al, 2009;Nagashima et al, 2010;Snowden et al, 1990;Witmer et al, 2007].…”

Current Status of the Mollicute (Mycoplasma) Lung Disease: Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, Treatment and Prevention

“…Data from Dakhama et al, 2003;Kazachkov et al, 2002;Li et al, 2000a;Manimtim et al, 2001;Peltier et al, 2008 ;Stancombe et al, 1993;Yang et al, 2004. Table 2.…”

Lung Diseases - Selected State of the Art Reviews

“…Data from Dakhama et al, 2003;Kazachkov et al, 2002;Li et al, 2000a;Manimtim et al, 2001;Peltier et al, 2008 ;Stancombe et al, 1993;Yang et al, 2004. Table 2.…”