Cytokines in human milk and late‐onset breast milk jaundice

Apaydin, Kader; Ermiş, Bahri; Araslı, Mehmet; Tekin, İshak Özel; Ankaralı, Handan

doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2012.03680.x

Cited by 15 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In particular, the concentration of IL-1β in colostrum was statistically higher in mothers of infants with jaundice, compared with mothers nursing infants who did not develop jaundice (Zanardo et al, 2007). A similar observation was reported in 2012 showing that IL-1β concentrations were significantly higher in the breast milk of mothers whose infants had BMJ (Apaydin et al, 2012). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has also been reported to be elevated in human breast milk of mothers whose infants developed BMJ (Kumral et al, 2009).…”

Section: Possible Factors In Breast Milk That Cause Neonatal Hyperbilsupporting

confidence: 88%

Role of extrahepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1: Advances in understanding breast milk-induced neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

Fujiwara

Maruo

Chen

et al. 2015

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Newborns commonly develop physiological hyperbilirubinemia (also known as jaundice). With increased bilirubin levels being observed in breast-fed infants, breast-feeding has been recognized as a contributing factor for the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Bilirubin undergoes selective metabolism by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 and becomes a water soluble glucuronide. Although several factors such as gestational age, dehydration and weight loss, and increased enterohepatic circulation have been associated with breast milk-induced jaundice (BMJ), deficiency in UGT1A1 expression is a known cause of BMJ. It is currently believed that unconjugated bilirubin is metabolized mainly in the liver. However, recent findings support the concept that extrahepatic tissues, such as small intestine and skin, contribute to bilirubin glucuronidation during the neonatal period. We will review the recent advances made towards understanding biological and molecular events impacting BMJ, especially regarding the role of extrahepatic UGT1A1 expression.

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Section: Possible Factors In Breast Milk That Cause Neonatal Hyperbilsupporting

confidence: 88%

Role of extrahepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1: Advances in understanding breast milk-induced neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

Fujiwara

Maruo

Chen

et al. 2015

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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“…[8][9][10][11] Although some research has investigated the expression of cytokines and other proteins in human breastmilk, 12-23 methods have been diverse, and there is little consensus regarding the cytokine profile of human milk and how it changes over time. In fact, most studies of breastmilk cytokines have focused on exploring cytokines that impact infant nutrition and health, [12][13][14][15][16] identifying known cancer-associated cytokines in milk, [17][18][19] or investigating cytokines in conjunction with breast inflammatory diseases and noncancerous maternal conditions. 20,21 Few studies have attempted to simultaneously characterize the coordinated expression of multiple cytokines in milk, 22 expression throughout lactation and involution are rare and have had inconsistent results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Trends in the Inflammatory Cytokine Profile of Human Breastmilk

Chollet‐Hinton

Stuebe

Casbas-Hernández

et al. 2014

Breastfeeding Medicine

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A longer lifetime duration of breastfeeding may decrease the risk of breast cancer by reducing breast inflammation and mitigating inflammatory cytokine expression during postlactational involution. However, little is known about how the inflammatory cytokine profile in human breastmilk changes over time. To study temporal trends in breastmilk cytokine expression, we measured 80 human cytokines in the whey fraction of breastmilk samples from 15 mothers at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postpartum. We used mixed models to identify temporal changes in cytokine expression and investigated parity status (multiparous vs. primiparous) as a potential confounder. Nine cytokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating protein-78, hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1, interleukin-16, interleukin-8, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, osteoprotegerin, and tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidase-2) had significantly decreased expression with increasing breastfeeding duration; all nine have known roles in breast involution, inflammation, and cancer and may serve as biomarkers of changing breast microenvironment. No cytokine significantly increased in level over the study period. Total protein concentration significantly decreased over time (p<0.0001), which may mediate the association between length of breastfeeding and inflammatory cytokine expression. Parity status did not confound temporal trends, but levels of several cytokines were significantly higher among multiparous versus primiparous women. Our results suggest that inflammatory cytokine expression during lactation is dynamic, and expressed milk may provide a noninvasive window into the extensive biological changes that occur in the postpartum breast.

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“…[41][42][43] However, existing data regarding other cytokines are quite contradictory. 6,7,44 Heterogeneity in the results could be ascribed to the period of sample collection, in terms of lactogenesis, days from delivery, and time of day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%