Cytokines in healthy temporomandibular joint synovial fluid

Abstract

Analysis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) synovial fluid may elucidate the aetiology of temporomandibular disorders and arthritic conditions, as well as the inflammatory mechanisms involved. Knowledge about healthy synovial fluid is necessary to understand TMJ pathologies. We aimed to quantify the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ in healthy TMJ synovial fluid to serve as reference values for future studies on TMJ pathologies. Twenty healthy, young adult volunteers without temporomandibular dysfunction were included. Bilateral synovial fluid samples were obtained using the push-pull technique with hydroxocobalamin described by Alstergren in 1999. Cytokines were quantified with Luminex multiplex assays and compared using nonparametric statistical analysis. No serious adverse effects were reported. Of 40 possible samples, 14 fulfilled the strict sampling criteria and were included in the analysis. Cytokine values (reported as medians with interquartile ranges) were as follows: TNF, 23 (13-37) pg mL(-1) ; IL-2, 1·8 (0-22) pg mL(-1) ; and INF-γ, 10 (0-47) pg mL(-1) . IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were almost undetectable. In addition, TNF and INF-γ cytokine levels correlated. We demonstrated that TNF was consistently detected and IFN-γ and IL-2 sporadically detected in the TMJ synovial fluid of healthy individuals using the hydroxocobalamin method and a multiplex assay. The cytokines IL-10, IL-1β and IL-6 were barely detectable in this sample of healthy TMJs.

IL‐1β‐regulating angiogenic factors expression in perforated temporomandibular disk cells via NF‐κB pathway

“…Lots of researches demonstrated increased expression of IL‐1β in synovial fluid, condylar cartilage and disk with TMJ ID or OA . IL‐1β was reported to promote Ang‐1 and VEGF expressions in human rheumatoid synoviocytes and OA chondrocytes through MAPK pathways.…”

Signs and symptoms after temporomandibular joint washing and cannula placement assessed by cone beam computerized tomography

“…The valve was then turned and as much fluid as possible was aspirated, after which the valve was opened again and the procedure repeated three more times, the total amount of washing solution used was, thereby, 4 mL on each side [2,17]. The aspirate was then centrifuged (1500 g for 10 min) and the supernatants were was stored at 80 C. However, the content of the SF was not a part of the present investigation and the results are published elsewhere [10].…”

“…The present study was part of a project on SF sampling from the TMJ in healthy individuals and was done on the same subjects [10]. The objectives of this second part of the study were primarily to assess the subjects' discomfort and side-effects of the hydroxocobalamin push-pull technique and, secondly, to evaluate the use of CBCT as control of intra-capsular cannula placement.…”

Importancia del Líquido Sinovial en la Articulación Temporomandibular y sus Implicancias en la Patología Articular

“…Dentro de la articulaciones sinoviales se encuentra la articulación temporomandibular (ATM), donde el LS se comporta como una fina película de gel viscoso que lubrica la superficie articular (Kristensen et al, 2014). Se ha propuesto que la composición y función del LS se ven alterados en patologías articulares como la osteoartritis, produciendo un desequilibrio en la homeostasis de este.…”

“…El LS contiene diversos componentes que le confieren propiedades lubricantes, metabólicas y regulatorias, que disminuyen la fricción y desgaste del cartílago articular (Hui et al, 2012), siendo característico de las articulaciones sinoviales. Las articulaciones sinoviales normalmente presentan un ligamento capsular (LC) junto a una membrana sinovial (MS) que contiene al LS en una cavidad que rodea al cartílago y hueso articular (Hui et al).Dentro de la articulaciones sinoviales se encuentra la articulación temporomandibular (ATM), donde el LS se comporta como una fina película de gel viscoso que lubrica la superficie articular (Kristensen et al, 2014). Se ha propuesto que la composición y función del LS se ven alterados en patologías articulares como la osteoartritis, produciendo un desequilibrio en la homeostasis de este.…”