Cytokines (IL-4 and IFN-γ) and antibodies (IgE and IgG2a) produced in mice infected with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto via nymphs of Ixodes ricinus ticks or syringe inoculations

Christe, Martine; Rutti, B.; Brossard, Michel

doi:10.1007/s004360050699

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Finally, it is known that IL-4 produced following I. ricinus tick bites strongly influences the immune response against B. burgdorferi (22). Moreover, Th1 cytokines are down-regulated during the initial spirochete transmission period in mice infested with Ixodes scapularis-infected ticks (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Novel Salivary Immunosuppressive Protein from Ixodes ricinus Ticks

Leboulle¹,

Crippa²,

Decrem³

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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145

144

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In tick salivary glands, several genes are induced during the feeding process, leading to the expression of new proteins. These proteins are typically secreted in tick saliva and are potentially involved in the modulation of the host immune and hemostatic responses. In a previous study, the construction and the analysis of a subtractive library led to the identification of Ixodes ricinus immunosuppressor (Iris), a novel protein, differentially expressed in I. ricinus salivary glands during the blood meal. In the present study, the data strongly suggest that this protein is secreted by tick salivary glands into the saliva. In addition, Iris is also found to modulate T lymphocyte and macrophage responsiveness by inducing a Th2 type response and by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, these results suggest that Iris is an immunosuppressor, which might play an important role in the modulation of host immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Novel Salivary Immunosuppressive Protein from Ixodes ricinus Ticks

Leboulle¹,

Crippa²,

Decrem³

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Self Cite

145

144

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“…Infection of mice with B. burgdorferi elicits a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response (Christe et al 2000). The Th2 response is even more pronounced in diseasesusceptible C3H mice (Keane-Myers and Nickell 1995).…”

Section: Gm-csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick salivary gland extract-activated transmission of Borrelia afzelii spirochaetes

Pechová¹,

Stepanova²,

Kovář³

et al. 2002

FOLIA PARASIT

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Abstract. Saliva-activated transmission of Borrelia afzelii Canica, Nato, du Merle, Mazie, Baranton et Postic, 1993 was demonstrated using salivary gland extract (SGE) from Ixodes ricinus (L., 1758) ticks and C3H mice. Injection of Borrelia spirochaetes together with SGE increased the level of bacteraemia and accelerated the appearance of bacteria in the urinary bladder, compared with the injection of spirochaetes alone. More I. ricinus nymphs became infected when feeding on mice inoculated with B. afzelii plus SGE. Analysis of cytokines produced by cells of draining lymph nodes from SGE-treated mice showed a suppression of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-6 and GM-CSF following a transient upregulation in comparison with the control mice infected without SGE.

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“…Such systemic cytokine polarization can be seen in a number of disease models; however, immune responses can also have a mixed phenotype. Both polarized T cell phenotypes have been shown to coexist in normal human PBLs (12) and in disease states (13,14). If polarization of T cells always occurs as a systemic phenomenon, consistent mixed phenotypes would be unlikely, because a small change in initial differentiation or cytokine environment could have a profound impact on outcome.…”

Section: Organ-specific Cytokine Polarization Induced By Adoptivementioning

confidence: 99%

Organ-Specific Cytokine Polarization Induced by Adoptive Transfer of Transgenic T Cells

Zhang

Lizzio

Gubina

et al. 2002

The Journal of Immunology

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There are two distinct phenotypes of T cell cytokine responses that lead to different effector functions and different outcomes in disease processes. Although evidence suggests a possible role of the local microenvironment in the differentiation or localization of T cells with these phenotypes, there are no examples of divergent T cell cytokine phenotypes with the same Ag specificity concurrently existing in different tissue compartments. Using a CD8+ T cell adoptive transfer model for graft-vs-host disease, we demonstrate that a potent type 2 cytokine response develops in the spleen while a potent type 1 cytokine response simultaneously develops in the testis. These experiments demonstrate for the first time that cytokine production can be oppositely polarized in different organs of the same individual. This may have important implications for organ-specific pathology in infection or autoimmunity: infections or autoimmune diseases that affect multiple organs may have heterogeneity in tissue cytokine responses that is not revealed in systemic lymphocyte cytokine responses. Therefore, attempts to modulate the immune response phenotype may ameliorate pathology in one organ while exacerbating pathology in another.

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Cytokines (IL-4 and IFN-γ) and antibodies (IgE and IgG2a) produced in mice infected with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto via nymphs of Ixodes ricinus ticks or syringe inoculations

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Characterization of a Novel Salivary Immunosuppressive Protein from Ixodes ricinus Ticks

Characterization of a Novel Salivary Immunosuppressive Protein from Ixodes ricinus Ticks

Tick salivary gland extract-activated transmission of Borrelia afzelii spirochaetes

Organ-Specific Cytokine Polarization Induced by Adoptive Transfer of Transgenic T Cells

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